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35 Cards in this Set
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Nutrients |
substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue |
components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow. |
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Heterotrophs |
obtain energy and nutrients by eating other living or dead organisms |
an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. |
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Autotrophs |
obtain energy and nutrients from nonliving source. |
ExamplesPlants, Algae, and Bacteria. Nonliving source includes sunlight,minerals,air |
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Photoautotrophs |
Photoautotrophs are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source.Photoautotrophs carry out Photosynthesis. |
All organisms that use light energy to make food are called *. |
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Photosynthesis |
set of chemical reaction that use light energy to produce organic compounds from CO2 &H2O |
green plants use energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. |
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Chemoautotrophs |
an organism that derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds.Chemoautotrophs carry out Chemosynthesis. |
organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. |
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Chemosynthesis |
set of chemical reactions that uses chemical energy to produce organic compounds |
the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis |
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Cell respiration |
set of chemical reactions to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life function |
the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water. |
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Producers |
serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain. |
include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis |
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Consumers |
feeds on other organisms in a food chain. |
organisms that receive all their energy by consuming other types of organisms or organic matter. |
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Decomposers |
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms |
Examples include bacteria, fungi, some insects, and snails, |
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Food web |
A graph with arrows show the transfer of energy & nutrient between producers,consumers,and decomposers in an ecosystem. |
links all the food chains in an ecosystem together |
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Biotic |
living organisms in their ecological relations. |
An ecosystem is made up of a biotic community together with the physical environment. |
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Abiotic |
nonliving things in their ecological relations. |
examples are sunlight, temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. |
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Ecosystem |
include abiotic factor and biotic factor in a specific place |
a group of interconnected elements formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment. |
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Habitats |
the natural home or environment of organisms they live. |
Living place of plants and animals |
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Biosphere |
All the regions of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms are found or can live. |
the area of the planet where organisms live, including the ground and the air. |
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Energy |
energy is often stored by cells in biomolecules.The energy is released during cellular respiration. |
* transported by an energy-carrier molecule called ATP. |
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Chemical energy |
Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. |
While the food is being digested and the molecules of food are broken down into smaller pieces, * is released |
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Free energy |
Free energy is when the cell or the enzyme is able to do work, which is ATP. |
an example of free energy are the energy plants use for growing and producing food. |
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Heat energy |
A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature. |
The amount of * in a given entity is measured by the amount of equivalent energy . |
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
energy cannot be created or destroyed,but it can change form. |
the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics |
systems tend to change in a way that increase the disorder of the system and its surrounding |
In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same. |
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Entropy |
Entropy is a measure of the "disorder" of a system. |
a measure of the degree of disorganization of a system |
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Enzymes |
proteins that lower the activation energy needed for biochemical reaction to be able to have a faster rate of reaction. |
help complex reactions occur in life. |
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Catalysts |
any chemicals that lower activation energy |
Chemical Catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide will decompose into water and oxygen gas. |
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Active site |
active site is the area of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. |
temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site). |
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Substrate |
substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. |
The enzyme is then free to join another substrate. |
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Metabolism |
all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism. |
include Catabolism - the breakdown of molecules to obtain energyAnabolism - the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells |
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Synthesis |
the process of storing energy by building chemical compounds from smaller components. |
example:a common synthesis reaction in the body is the formation of a protein molecule. |
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Decomposition |
organic substances broken down into a much simpler form of matter and release energy.This process called decomposition. |
leaves that fall off of trees in the fall.They are broken down by organisms and other decomposers. |
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Biosynthesis |
Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. |
Examples include photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and ATP synthesis. |
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Oxidation |
Oxidation is the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction. |
For example, when sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium metal loses an electron, which is then gained by chlorine. |
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ATP |
it is used by cells to store small amount of chemical energy |
our body movements require action by our muscles. Muscle contraction requires *. |
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ADP |
adenosine diphosphate is the compound releasing energy.It remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP. |
* is an ingredient for DNA, it's essential for muscle contraction and it even helps initiate healing when a blood vessel is breached. |