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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two Treatises of Government
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Written by John Locke around 1680
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''deference''
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The assumption among ordinary people that wealth
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''salutary neglect''
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A policy adopted by British governments that left the colonies largely to govern themselves.
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Circulating libraries
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Establishments that made possible wider dissemination of knowledge
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Freedom of expression
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Generally not considered one of the ancient rights of Englishmen
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Freedom of the press
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Viewed as dangerous by both American and European governments.
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Seditious libel
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A crime that included defaming government officials in published works.
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American Enlightenment
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Revolution in thought in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion.
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Great Awakening
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Fervent religious revival movement in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefield.
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Presidios
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Spanish military outposts in Texas.
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Father Junipero Serra
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A controversial figure who founded the first California mission in San Diego in 1769.
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''middle ground''
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The area between European empires and Indian sovereignty that contained intermixed villages of settlers and tribes.
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Acadians
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French residents of Nova Scotia expelled by the British.
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Pontiac's Rebellion
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A revolt against British rule in 1763 by Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes.
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Neolin
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A Delaware religious prophet whose teachings contributed to Pontiac's Rebellion.
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Albany Plan of Union
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Drafted by Benjamin Franklin in 1754
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envisioned the creation of a Grand Council composed of delegates from each colony
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with the power to levy taxes and deal with Indian relations and common defense.
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Stono Rebellion
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An uprising in South Carolina by slaves that led to a severe tightening of the slave code and the temporary imposition of a prohibitive tax on imported slaves.
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Republicanism
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Political theory in eighteenth-century England and America that celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens as central to freedom.
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Virtue
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Defined in the eighteenth century as both a personal moral quality but also the willingness to subordinate self-interest to the pursuit of the public good.
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Liberalism
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Originally
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in the twentieth century
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belief in an activist government promoting greater social and economic equality.
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''task'' system"
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A system whereby individual slaves were assigned daily jobs
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Creoles
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Persons born in the New World of European ancestry.
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Gullah
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A language that mixed various African roots that was mostly unintelligible to whites.
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Runaways
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Escaped slaves seeking freedom from their owners.
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The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
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An autobiography of an freed slave that gives insight into slave life and challenges many period stereotypes towards blacks.
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Atlantic slave trade
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The systematic importation of African slaves from their native continent across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World
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Middle Passage
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The voyage of slaves across the Atlantic.
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The leading promoter of the Great Awakening was
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George Whitefield.
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British governance of colonial America during the first half of the eighteenth century was shaped by a policy of
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"salutary neglect."
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Which of the following was not a regional pattern of colonial slavery?
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In the colonial back country
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Which of the following was not a feature of slave life in colonial America?
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Under the oppressions of slavery
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Which of the following is not a valid comparison of the eighteenth-century ideas of "republicanism" and "liberalism"?
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Each condemned material inequality as incompatible with freedom.
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Which of the following was not an important trend in colonial politics during the first half of the 1700s?
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elimination of property qualifications for voting and officeholding
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Which of the following was not a defining feature of the Great Awakening?
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an insistence that one's spiritual destiny—be it salvation or damnation—could not be affected by one's actions in life
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Which of the following was not a significant effect of the Seven Years' War?
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Pontiac's Rebellion
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Olaudah Equiano was
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all of the above (a slave who purchased his freedom-a sailor in the Royal Navy-able to read and write.)
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Which was not an element in the Triangular Trade?
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Tea and luxury goods were shipped to Britain from Asia.
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Cheap imported textiles undermined traditional craft production
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while guns encouraged the further growth of slavery" in Africa
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Which was not true of the Middle Passage?
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Seventy percent of slaves were destined for North America.
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By the mid-1700s
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which was not one of the distinct well-established slave systems in Britain's mainland colonies?
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The main crop worked by the "task" system in eighteenth-century South Carolina was
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rice.
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What percentage of the populations of New York and New Jersey in the 1770s were made up of slaves?
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10 percent
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Which was not the case for blacks on South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations?
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Many were free blacks.
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Slaves killed nine whites in a 1712 slave uprising in
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New York City
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The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina
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was a slave revolt.
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In the eighteenth century
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the British Constitution—the unwritten groundwork of British freedom—celebrated all of the following except
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Which was not a part of "Republicanism" —the central element in the British ideology of liberty—in the eighteenth century?
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the view that Lockean liberalism was essential to the good society.
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During the 1700s
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voting in the colonies was restricted to
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During the first half of the eighteenth century British "salutary neglect"
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left the colonies to largely govern themselves.
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Founded in 1727- The Junto was
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a club that discussed literature-philosophy- science and politics.
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The view that reason alone was capable of establishing the essentials of religion and that outdated superstitions included belief in the revealed truth of the Bible and miracles was called
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Arminianism.
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The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called
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the Enlightenment.
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In Jonathan Edwards's view what was a sinner's only hope?
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a "new birth" in which they became devout Christians
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The military outposts established by the Spanish in California and New Mexico were called
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presidios.
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The country whose trading posts ringed British mainland colonies to the North and West in the eighteenth century was
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France.
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The Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) was fought between
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the British and French.
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During Pontiac's Rebellion
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Neolin
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The Proclamation Line of 1763
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prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.
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The Paxton Boys
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were Scotch-Irish farmers who set out to attack Indians near Philadelphia.
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The Albany Plan of Union of 1754
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envisioned a council of all the colonies for their common defense
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The exchange of goods among Spanish colonists
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French colonists
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As Britain's global power expanded
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British patriotism actually declined.
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Britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world.
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True
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Eighteenth-century liberalism drew heavily upon the thinking of the philosopher John Locke.
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True
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By the middle of the eighteenth century
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most elections were fiercely contested throughout the American colonies.
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"Deism" was a religious adaptation of Enlightenment thought in both Europe and colonial America.
Topic: American Enlightenment |
True
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During the eighteenth century
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both Spain and France steadily lost interest in their North American empires.
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In the Ohio Valley (the "middle ground")
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the Iroquois were known for their ability to play the French and British empires against each other.
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England and Scotland were united in 1707 by the Act of Union to create Great Britain.
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True
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During the course of the 1700s the colonies increasingly grew apart from the British empire.
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False
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Freedom and slavery simultaneously expanded in the course of the eighteenth century as both the idea of the freeborn Englishman grew and the Atlantic slave trade expanded.
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True
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By the eighteenth century northern colonies were free of slavery.
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False
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Most African rulers took part in the Atlantic slave trade.
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True
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Almost all African slaves in the eighteenth century came from the same African tribe.
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False
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In eighteenth-century Britain the ideologies of "Republicanism" and "Liberalism" both underscored the importance of private property as a foundation of freedom.
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True
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In the eighteenth century only five percent of adult men in Britain could vote but between 50 and 80 percent of adult white males in the colonies could vote.
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True
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The Great Awakening was a religious movement that called colonists to awaken to the truth of the divinity of Jesus Christ.
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True
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According to the English minister George Whitefield people could participate in their own salvation through their own actions- they were not- as predominant Protestant religions had traditionally held- unable to affect their destiny.
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True
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During the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century most colonial slave owners who proclaimed their Christian faith freed their slaves after concluding that blacks and whites were brothers in Christ.
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False
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The Great Awakening principally awakened (or re-awakened) colonists to faith in Christianity
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and it also
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By the 1700s the population of Spanish North America was small
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consisting of a few isolated urban clusters in Florida Texas and New Mexico.
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Indians who lived in the Catholic missions established by Father Junipero Serra in California generally lived happy healthy free and long lives.
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False
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Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821.
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True
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George Washington
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a British soldier
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. As a consequence of British victory in the Seven Years' War Britain not only won control of Canada but also gained control of India.
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True
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An irony of the 1763 British victory in the Seven Years' War is that victory ultimately contributed to Britain's loss of its mainland American colonies since in seeking to pay for the Seven Years' War the British government raised taxes on American colonists who protested taxation without representation.
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True
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