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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the layers of the alimentary canal? (4)
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1. Mucosa
-Epithelium -Lamina propria -Muscularis mucosae 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa -Inner circular layer -Outer longitudinal layer 4. Serosa or adventitia |
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What 3 places contain mesothelium (serosa)?
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1. Pleura -lungs
2. Pericardium - heart 3. Peritoneum- GI |
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Mesothelium is what type of epithelium?
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Simple squamous epithelium
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The enteric nervous system is composed of numerous repeating ganglia known as?
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1. Meissner's submucosal plexus
2. Auerbach's myenteric plexus |
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What part of the ENS directs
-Secretory function -Mucosal movement -Localized blood flow |
Meissner's submucosal plexus
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What part of the ENS controls motility?
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Myenteric plexus
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What part of the nervous system activates sphincter muscles?
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Sympathetic
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What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?
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Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
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What is found in the mucosa of the esophagus?
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1. Epithelium- Langerhan's cells
2. Lamina propria- cardiac glands (mucus) 3. Muscularis mucosa |
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The submucosa of the esophagus is composed of what type of CT?
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Dense fibroelastic CT
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What types of glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?
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Esophageal glands -- mixed glands
-Mucus cells -Serous cells (Pepsinogen & Lysozyme) |
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The submucosal (Meissner's) plexus is found in which layer ?
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Submucosa
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The muscularis externa consists of?
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1. Inner circular layer
2. Outer longitudinal layer |
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What is present in the lamina propria of gastroesophageal junction?
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Cardiac glands
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What are the anatomic subdivisions of the stomach?
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1. Cardia
2. Fundus 3. Body 4. Pylorus |
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What is the most dilated region of the alimentary canal?
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Stomach
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What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
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Simple columnar
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What is present in the epithelium of the fundic stomach? (4)
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1. Microvilli
2. Secretory granules 3. Zonula occludentes & adherentes 4. Regenerative cells in base of pits |
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What type of CT is the lamina propria of the stomach?
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Highly vascularized areolar CT
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What is found in the lamina propria of the fundic stomach? (6)
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1. Plasma cells
2. Lymphocytes 3. Mast cells 4. Fibroblasts 5. Some smooth muscle 6. Fundic glands |
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What are the cell types present in the fundic glands? (6)
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1 Surface-lining cells
2. Parietal (oxyntic) cells 3. Regenerative (stem) cells 4. Mucous neck cells 5. Chief (zymogenic) cells 6. DNES cells |
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What are the roles of the parietal (oxyntic) cells?
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1. Secrete HCl
2. Secrete Intrinsic Factor |
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Which fundic cell type contains secretory vesicles w/ pepsinogen & gastric lipase?
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Chief cell
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What are synonyms for DNES cells? (4)
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1. DNES = diffuse neuroendocrine system
2. APUD = amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation 3. Enteroendocrine cells 4. Argentaffin or argyrophilic cells |
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What is the role of the DNES cells?
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Paracrine, endocrine or neurocrine secretion
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In which part of the stomach are there NO chief cells?
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Cardiac region-- NO CHEIF CELLS
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What are the variations of the cardiac region of the stomach compared to the fundus? (3)
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Cardiac region:
1. Gastric pits shallow 2. Base of glands highly coiled 3. NO chief cells |
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What are the variations of the pyloric region of the stomach compared to the pyloric region? (3)
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Pyloric region:
1. Glands highly convoluted & branch 2. Pits deep than other regions 3. Mucus neck cells predominate |
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Where do mucus neck cells (produce mucus & lysozyme) predominate?
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Pyloric region
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The submucosa of the fundic stomach is made of what type of CT?
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Dense irregular CT
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What modifications are present in the small intestine to increase surface area? (3)
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1. Plicae circulares
2. Villi 3. Microvilli |
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What types of cells are present in the epithelium of small intestine? (4)
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1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells 3. DNES cells 4. MPS cells |
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What cell types are present in the lamina propria of small intestine? (5)
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1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells 3. Regenerative cells 4. DNES cells 5. Paneth cells |
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What is the function of paneth cells of small intestine lamina propria?
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Secrete lysozyme (antimicrobial)
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The inner circular layer of muscularis mucosae in small instines extends how far?
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Extends up into vili
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Brunner's glands are present in ONLY in the submucosa of?
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Brunner's glands -- ONLY in submucosa of DUODENUM
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What is the function of Brunner's glands? (2)
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1. Secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize chyme
2. Secrete urogastrone-- inhibits HCl secretion & increase mitosis |
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Where are lacteals present?
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Duodenum
-Areas where fat from digestion is absorbed & emulsified |
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Serosa covers entire small intestine EXCEPT?
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2nd & 3rd parts of duodenum
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Peyer's patches are present in?
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Ileum
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Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in?
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Small & large intestine
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What is NOT found in large intestine?
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1. No vill
2. No paneth cells |
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Surface absorptive cells are most prevalent in what part of GI tract?
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Large intestine
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Increased number of goblet cells present in what part of GI tract?
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large intestine
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Serosa of large intestine contains?
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Epiploic appendices
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Outer longitudinal layer of muscle in large intestine is restricted to bands called?
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Taenia coli
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What type of epithelium is present from rectum to pectinate line?
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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What type of epithelium is present from pectinate line to external orifice?
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Stratified squamous non-keratinized
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What type of epithelium is present at anus?
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Stratified squamous keratinized
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In large intestine, muscularis mucosae does NOT extend beyond?
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Pectinate line
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What type of epithelium lines the appendix?
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Simple columnar
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What cell types are present in the epithelium of appendix? (3)
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1. Surface absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells 3. M cells |
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What is found in lamina propria of appendix? (2)
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1. Lymphoid nodules
2. Shallow crypts of Lieberkuhn |