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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Straw Man
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A weakened misrepresentation of an opponent's view. Depicts the opponent's position as mindless and weak.
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Bifurcation
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reducing possibilities to only two.
"Be miserable or buy a BMW" |
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Begging the Question
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The use of the claim as its own justification
"it's raining becase water if falling from the sky" |
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Slippery Slope
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the prediction of catastrophe based on a series of links started by one particular act.
"Now they want us to start tucking in our shirts, next thing you know they'll be supervising our personal hygiene" |
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Abusive Ad Hominem
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Sidetracks the issues by atacking te person.
"This guy can't teach; he's got terrible teeth" |
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Tu Quo Que
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Attempts to discredit an rgument based on a person's hypocrisy
"Yeah, but officer haven't you ever rolled through a stop sign." |
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Question-Begging Epithet
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Calls someone a name that implies a quality or fact that is not proved.
"a large gentleman sits down to eat at a buffet and a lady near him whispers, we'd better hurry before that hog eats everything left." |
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False Cause
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Turns a coincidence or a correlation into a cause
"I got fired after i had that burrito- i'll never eat Mexican again." |
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Hasty Generalization
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Concludes too much from too little
"This sandal uses a braided strap; it must have been made in India" |
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Sweeping Generalization
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Misapplies a true principal to a situation that is exceptional.
"Pets are good for old folks. My grandma, who is allergic to cats, ought to get a cat to keep her company." |
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fallacies
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fallacies
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Composition
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assumes that what is true of an individual in a group must be true of the entire group
"nick is really smart; his class must be the smart class" |
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Division
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assumes that what is true of the group as a whole must be true of each member
"Nick's class got the highest average on the final; he must have scored higher than i" |
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Equivocation
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changes the meaning of a word or phrease in mid-discussion
"I'd give you my reasons, but you won't listen to reason, so i won't bother." |
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Complex Question
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asks a question that assumes and so corners its respondent.
"When do you think you'll drop out of school?" |
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Appeal To Fear
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Manipulates agreement by way of fear instead of cogent reason
"Mr. Summers, i think i deserve an A. My father's on the board and I'd hate to see your reputation turn sour here at Oaks." |
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Appeal to Pity
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manipulates agreement by way of pity
"Mr. Summers, you can't give me a C. I've worked so hard. I have spent so many nights up late finishing your papers" |
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Band Wagon
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Convinces by arguing an idea's popularity
"Thousands of moms can't be wrong: Tid is the choice of America" |
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Amphibole
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Syntax of the sentence confuses the meaning of the sentence.
"Slow Children crossing" |
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Special Pleading
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colors the language according to the arguers' perspective
"No, Jon is not dishonest; she's just generous with her answers" |
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Guilt By Association
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uses bad reputations to discredit
"Yeah. that's a great idea, didnt Hitler say the same thing?" |