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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Recombinant DNA Technology made it possible for Ability to manipulate genes in _____ and in _____
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Vitro;Vivo
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Vitro means in ____ ____
Vivo means in _______ _______ |
test tube;living organism
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Obtaining the ability to manipulate genes in vitro and in vivo made it possible to combine 2 or more ____ ________ from any sorce;Insert foreign DNA into ______ ______;construct _______ chromosones;and Selectivly alter/interfere with ____ ________
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DNA Sequences;Cloning Vector;artificial;Gene Expression
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What was a revoultion for Biology??
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Abilty to manipulate genes in vitro and in vivo
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We now have a detailed understanding in ____ _______,_______ and ________
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gene structure,function and evolution
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Because of the revolution in Biology,we have noe completed most _______ projects and have had numerous _______,________,and _______ applications
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Genome;commercial,forensic,medical
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Revolution in Biology was made possible by convergence of scientific discoveries such as ______ enzymes,DNA _____,and ______ of bacteria and their plasmids
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restriction,ligase,genetics
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There are many concerns about the safety in Recombinant DNA revolution. An example is concerns about cancer in _____ ________ therepy.People feel it should be ______.
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Gene Replication;tested
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______ concerns,______ engineered food,and concerns of _______ with the virulent virus/bacteria that scientists conducted.Are some of the concerns with Revolution in recombinant DNA Tech.
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Ecological;Genetically;Terroism
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_____ likely evolved from reverse transcription of RNA
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DNA
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DNA has a _____ helix of ___-______ polynucleotide chains
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double;anti-parallel
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DNA structure was discovered by ______ and _____
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Watson and Crick
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DNA is a _________ sugar
Dna contains _______ |
Deoxyribose;Phosphate
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DNA has ________ bases made up of ______ and ________
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Nitrogeneous;Purines;Pyrimidines
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Purines are made up of ______ and ________
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adenine and thymine
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Pyrimidines are made up of _______ and _______
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guanine and cytosine
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Chromosones have a _____ _____ helix of DNA
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single double
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Chromosones have nemerous ______(_____,_____);_______;and ________ sequences
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genes(exons,introns);promoters;regulatory
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Chromosones _______ to form exact copies
These copies are segregated in ______ _______,_______ and _______ |
replicate;Binary Fission,Meiosis and Mitosis
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_________ are subject to evolution
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Chromosones
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With advances in Recombinant DNA Technology we are able to ____ and _____ DNA Molecules
_____,______,and _______ recombinant DNA molecules And ______ recombinant DNA molecules into organisms |
cut and rejoin;Clone,Express,Sequence;Insert
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_______ _________ are able to cleave DNA at specific sites
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Restriction Endonucleases
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The ability to cut DNA at specific sites is significant bcuz it allows a form of physical _______ and allows________ molecules
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mapping;recombinant
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Physical maps can be constructed on the positioning of _______ sites for restriction enzymes
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Cleavage
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2 types of Restriction Enzymes:
Type 1 enzymes make _____ cuts across ____ DNA Strands and are not often used in _______ or manipulating DNA Type 2 enzymes allow creation of ________ molecules |
simple,both,cloning
Recombinant |
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The _____ ____ that result from the cut by type2 restriction enzymes allow DNA from different sources to be easily joined together
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sticky ends
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____ _____ catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bond b/w phosphate and hydroxyl groups of DNA nucleotides
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DNA Ligase
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A ____ is a break in one strand with no gap
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Nick
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The action of DNA Ligase is to seal the _____ in one or both strands
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nicks
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_______ ________ sever phosphodiester bonds of both nucleotide strands
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Restriction Endonucleases
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Restriction Endonucleases create restriction _______
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Fragments
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There are ______ of known Restriction Endonucleases
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Hundreds
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The restriction fragment ends made by same enzyme are _______ and can be ______
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identical;joined
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_____ sequences of DNA are synthesized in Vitro
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Short
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The _____ can enter and replicate in the host
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Vector
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The 2 most commomly used vectors are _____ and ______
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Plasmids and Phages
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______ are viruses that infect bacterial cells
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Phages
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In cloning,there is a insertion of a _______ _______ into the cloning vector
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restriction fragment
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In gene cloning,there is a transformation of bacteria with recombinant ______,virus
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Plasmid
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In Gene Cloning there is a _______ for clone of interest
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screening
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A use of a cloned gene is to determine _______ sequence and _____ amino acid aequence from genetic code
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nucleotide;deduce
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_______ gene to study function in vitro and in vivo and _______ and _______ are uses of a cloned gene
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Manipulate;Commercial;Medical
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A ___ ______ is a collection of DNA fragments representing all of the DNA from an organism
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DNA Library
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The _____ ______ has _____ clones,each containing fragment of genome
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Genomic Library;multiple
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The Genomic Library collectivly represents all ____ of an organism
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DNA
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______ _______ are constructed from a single chromosone and are size selected
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Partial Libraries
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_____ is derived by reverse transcription from RNA
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cDNA
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Most genetic engineering experiments are derived from 4 stages.What are they??
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DNA Cleavage,Recombinant DNA,Cloning and Screening
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What does PCR stand for?
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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The ______ ______ _____ amplifies target DNA w/o cloning.
The target amount can be a _____ molecule. And the amplified DNA can be ______ _______,etc. |
Polymerase Chain Reaction;single;sequenced;cloned
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____ allows the investigation of minute samples of DNA
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PCR
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____ _______ is another form of molecular biology and it is the determination of nucleotide sequence of cloned,PCR amplified DNA
_____ method most common,automated |
DNA Sequencing;Sanger
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_____ _______ is another procedure of molecular biology.
It uses ______ _______. RNA----cDNA |
Reverse Transcription;Reverse Transciptase enzyme
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The typlical machine for automated sequencing has a __ hr sequencing run,it produces ___-___ bases per sample and can create ______ samples at a time
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2;600-1000;multiple
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The Autmated Sequencing Machine can create up to _____ bases per day(12hr)
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500,000
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In Automated Sequencing the data is processed by a _______
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Computer
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Name 3 kinds of blotting and what are their targets
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Southern Blotting:DNA
Northern Blotting:RNA Western Blotting:Protein |
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What does RFLP stand for?
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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
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The Mutation caused by RFLP,_____ and _____restriction targets which results in different ______ of DNA fragments
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Creates;Destroys;lengths
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_____ is basis for DNA Fingerprinting and has many uses including in ______ and _________
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RFLP;Evolution;Ecology
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______ _______ are invaluble for study of gene function
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Transgenic Organisms
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There are transgenic _____ and ________
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mice;Arabidopsis
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Transgenic prganisms take advantage of homologous recombination to introduce ____
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genes
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Transgenic _____ are a useful tool to study gene expression,development,disease models,etc
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mice
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(Genomics)Sequencing and analysis of genomes includes all of the ______ material of an organism and this can happen in the _____,_____,and _______
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genetic;nucleus,mitochodria and chloroplast
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_________ is the extraction of info from genomic sequence.
It uses _______ methods to predict functions |
Bioinformatics;statistical
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______ _______ is the determining function of genomic components by ezperimental analysis
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Functional Genomics
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Name 4 maps..
These maps provide landmarks for ______ and _______ |
Genetic Maps,Restriction Maps,STS Maps and EST Maps;
Assembly;Analysis |
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Name 2 wariations
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Clone by Clone based on maps and Whole Genome Shotgun
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Name 3 Completed Genomes
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The Human Genome,The Sequenced Genome and The Chix Genome
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More than _____ genomes sequenced
Name 6 |
240
Putter Fish,Zebra Fish,Green Onion,Rice,Cow,Dog |
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Functional Genomics is the ________ function of nucleotide sequences of genomes
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Determining
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Functional Genomics has _____ methods
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multiple
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One way to control gene expression is to regulate the _______ of Transcription
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intiation
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In Prokaryotes,the primary function of gene control is to adjust the cell's _______ to it's _______ enviroment
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activities;immediate
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In Eukaryotes,there is ______ processing
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extensive
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Promoters have elements of __-__ base pairs and the edges are exposed in _______
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6-20;grooves
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______ bind Transcription factors
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Promoters
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DNA does not have to ______ during binding of transcription factors
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unwind
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Transcription factors recruit ____ _________
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RNA Polymerase
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______ ______ recognize target thru edges of base pairs
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Transcription Factors
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Identification of promoters can include ________,_______ ______ and various ______ ________
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Bioinformatics,Functional Genomics and Molecular Assays
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