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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
types of muscle tissue
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Voluntary: skeletal, persons free will
Involuntary: smooth, digestive Cardiac: heart |
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ligament
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connects bone to bone
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tendon
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connect muscle to bone
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Sprain vs Strain
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Sprain: injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the connective tissue, usually involves ligaments
Strain: Injury to muscle or a muscle and tendon, possibly caused by overextension, or over stretching |
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Direct force
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occurs at the point of impact
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Indirect force
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impacts on one end of a limb causing injury some distance away from the point of impact
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Twisting force
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one part of the extremity remains stationary while the rest twist(pot hole)
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Different types of fractures
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Comminuted
Impacted Greenstick Oblique Spiral Transvers |
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Two areas of concern for blood loss
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Pelvic and Femur
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contraindications of traction and splinting of femur
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the injury is within 1-2 inches of the knee or ankle
the knee itself has been injured the hip has been injured the pelvis has been injured there is partial amputation or avulsion |
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Open vs closed fracture
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open-break in the skin
closed- no break in the skin |
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S/S of fracture
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pain
tenderness deformity discoloration paresthesia (tingling) anesthesia (loss of feeling) paresis (weakness) paralysis (loss of muscle control) decrease in pulse amplitude |
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Emergency care for fracture
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BSI
O2 C-spine Splint bone and joint injuries (PMS) Apply cold pack to the painful swollen or deformed extremity Elevate extremity (if spinal injury not suspected) Transport |
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Parestesia
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Tingling or abnormal abnormal sensation, may indicate nerve injury
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Reason for splinting
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Prevents movement of any bone fragments, bone ends, or joints, reducing the chance of further injury.
Reduces pain |
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General rules before splinting
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Assess PMS before and after, every 15 min
Immobilize above and below Remove clothing around injury(remove jewelry) Cover wounds before splinting Align limb with manual traction Never replace protruding bones Pad splint Apply splint before moving patient When in doubt SPLINT If showing signs of shock transport immediately without taking time to apply splint |
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Pathological vs traumatic fracture
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Patho- takes little force to break (disease associated with it, Osteoporosis)
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When using an air splint be careful not to...
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decrease circulation in extremity
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Compartment syndrome
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The pressure in the space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure needed to perfuse the tissues, the blood flow is cut off and the cells become hypoxic, leading to compartment syndrome
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3 types of meninges
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Duramater: outermost
Arachnoid: Middle layer Pia Mater: in contact with the brain |
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Cerebrum
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Largest part of brain
3/4 the brains volume Responsible for most conscious and sensory functions, the emotions, and personality (not attached to inside of the skull) |
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Cerebellum
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Controls equilibrium
coordinates muscle activity |
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Brainstem
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Controls automatic functions
cardiac respiratory vasomotor (blood pressure) |
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Basiler skull fracture
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Base of skull
cause leakage of cerrospinal fluid from the ears, nose, or mouth Ecchymosis (bruise-type discoloration) around the eyes and behind the ears |
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diff types of cranial fractures
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linear
depressed closed open basilar |