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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anemia
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A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
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apnea
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Absence of breathing
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AVPU scale
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Used to assess level of consciousness; recorded as being alert, verbally responsive, responsive pain, or unresponsive.
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Blanching
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Turning white
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bradycardia
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A heart rate of less than 80 beats per minute and children in less than 100 beats per minute
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Capillary refill time
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The amount of time that it takes for blood to return to the capillary bed after applying pressure to the skin or nail bed; indicates the status of end-organ perfusion; reliable and children younger than six years
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Central pulses
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Pulses that are closest to the core (Central) part of the body where the vital organs are located; including the carotid, femoral, and apical pulses
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Crackles
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A crackling sound caused by the flow of air through liquid in the lungs; he cited lower airway obstruction
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Croup
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Infection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords, usually caused by a virus
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Cyanosis
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A blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; indicates decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
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End-organ perfusion
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The status of perfusion to the vital organs of the body; determined by assessing capillary refill time
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epiglottitis
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An infection of the soft tissue in the area of the vocal cords
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Grunting
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And "uh" sound heard during excavation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli opened; a sign of increased work of breathing
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Head bobbing
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The headless and tilts back during inspiration, and moves forward during expiration; a sign of increased work of breathing
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Meconium
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Dark green material in the amniotic fluid can cause lung disease in the newborn
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nares
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External openings of the nostrils. A single nostril openings called a naris
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Nasal flaring
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Widening of the Nares during inspiration; commonly seen in infants; indicates increased work of breathing
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Pediatric assessment triangle
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A structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin
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Pediatric resuscitation tape measure
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Tape used to estimate an infant or child weight on the basis of length; appropriate drug doses and equipment sizes are listed on the tape
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Retractions
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Drawing in the intercostal muscles and sternum during inspiration; a sign of increased work of breathing
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Septum
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The center divider in the nose
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Sniffing position
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Optimal neutral head position for the uninjured child who requires airway management
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Stridor
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A high-pitched breath sound heard mainly on inspiration that is a sign upper airway obstruction
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Tachypnea
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Increased respiratory rate
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Tenting
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A condition in which the skin does not quickly returned to its original shape after being pinched; indicates dehydration
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Tidal volume
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The amount of air that is delivered to the lungs and airways in one inhalation
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tragus
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Small cartilaginous projection in front of the opening of the year
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Transition phase
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A time. It allows the infant or child to become familiar with you and your equipment; only appropriate if the child's condition is stable
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Tripod position
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An abnormal position to keep the airway open; it involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward
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Wheezing
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A whistling breath sound caused by air traveling through narrowed air passages within the bronchioles; a sign of lower airway obstruction
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Work of breathing
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An indicator of oxygenation and ventilation. Work of breathing reflects the child's attempts to compensate for hypoxia
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xiphoid process
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The lower tip of the sternum
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What are appropriate oxygen delivery devices for a child
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The blow by technique at 6 L per minute; a nasal cannula at 1 to 6 L per minute; a non-rebreathing mask at 10 to 15 L per minute; a BVM device with supplemental oxygen attached in a flow rates at 10 to 15 L per minute
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At what age are febrile seizures, and children
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Between six months and six years of age
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Are the most common causes of dehydration in children
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Vomiting and diarrhea
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What is the rate for rescue breaths and infant or child
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12 to 20 breaths a minute (one breath for 3 to 5 seconds)
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What is the compression rate to ventilation ratio to provide CPR infant
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If you are alone 30:2; if two rescuers are present 15:2.
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To what depths should the sternum decompressed on infant during CPR
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1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
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At what rate per minute should chest compression be done on an infant
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100 compressions per minute
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Respirations exceeding BLANK are a sign of a problem in infants and children
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60 breaths per minute
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At what age children be placed in a car seat rear facing
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Less than one year
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At what age should pediatric pads be used on an AED
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1 to 8 years of age
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Why should the five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR be done on children before activating the EMS system
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Because cardiopulmonary arrest in children is most often the result of respiratory failure, not a primary cardiac event
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What percentage of deliveries are complicated by the presence of meconium
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12%
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What are some problems that can be encountered with a nasopharyngeal airway and children?
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If the area is too long, it may stimulate the vagus nerve and slow heart rate, or enter the esophagus, causing gastric distention
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At what age is blood pressure usually assessed?
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Three and up
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What is the best method for determining breathing child?
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In infants test or belly breathing is considered adequate. In older children, chest rise and fall
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What causes mottling?
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Constriction of peripheral blood vessels and is another sign of poor perfusion
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