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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
1) Cell types that appear in morphologically identifiable forms during granulopoiesis? (6)
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-myeloblast
-premyelocyte -myelocyte -metamyelocyte -Stab - granulocyte |
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2) 1st precursor of RBC identifiable in Red bone marrow?
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Pro-erythrocyte
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3) 1st precursor in which Hemoglobin appears?
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Ortho-chromato-phillic erythroblast
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4) what does appearance of polychromatophilic staining indicates?
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Presense of Haemoglobin
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5) stages of monocyte development (3)
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1. Monoblast
2. Pro-monocyte 3. Monocyte |
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6) Hemeopoietic organs in the intrauterine development? Name them in order of development.
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Yolk sac ---> liver -----> spleen -----> red bone marrow
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7) most important cells in immune response (3)
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1 Lymphocytes
2 plasma cells 3 macrophages |
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8) Pathway of lymph through lymph nodes.
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1. Affetent lymphatic vessels
2. Sub-capsular sinus 3. Cortical sinus 4. Medullary Sinus 5. Efferent Lymphatic Vessels |
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9) In which part of lymph nodes are located more densely: a) B-cells. b) T-cells. c) Plasma cells.
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a) in Follicles
b) in para-cortex c) in medullary cords |
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10) stages of erythrocyte development: (6)
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1. Pro-erythro-blast
2. Basophilic Erythro-blast 3. Poly-chromato-philic erythroblast 4. ortho-chromato-philic erythro-blast (normoblast) 5. poly-chromato-philic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) 6. erythrocyte |
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11. Define Acrosome Reaction
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Release of enzymes (hyaluronidase , proteolitic enz) from the acrosome of the spermatozoa, induced by binding to ZP3 receptor in order for the spermatozoa to penetrate Zona Pellucida of Ovum.
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12. Primordial germ cells -where 1st appear and where to they migrate to?
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Formed - During 2nd week in EPIBLAST, migrate to WALL of YOLK SAC.
During 4th week - migrate to developing gonads. |
Epiblast ---> wall of yolk sack → dev. gonads
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13. Define Cleavage
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Series of mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum which increase the number of blastomeres – thus forming morula (16 blastomere formation)
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series of mitotic divisions
fertilized ovum number of blastomeres Morula |
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14. Define Capacitation
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Shedding of a glycoprotein and seminal plasma proteins from the plasma membrane that overlies the acrosomal region of the spermatozoa – so to allow penetration of the corona radiata.
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15) Define Cortical or Zona reaction
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Exocytosis of CORTICAL GRANULES by ovum which contain enzymes that digest sperm receptor proteins and cause impermeability of the plasma membrane of ovum. Aim of preventing polyspermy.
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16) Define Gastrulation + write embryonic structures that develop from it
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Process of forming the 3 primary germ layers (trilaminar germ disc) from the epiblast – involving migration of epiblast cells through the primitive streak to form mesoderm and ectoderm.
(u can also specify that it occurs arround beginning of 3rd week) |
Epiblast =
Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm |
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17) Draw Secondary Blastocyst + Label Parts
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Min 12
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18) Viability of sperm and ovum
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Ovum: around 24 Hrs.
Sperm: around 72 Hrs (2-6 days) |
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19) how long is an embryo at:
-1 month. - 2 months |
1 month: around 5 mm
2 months: around 30 mm |
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20) What is the role of Syn-Cytio-Trophoblast
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Min 17
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21) parts of extraembryonic mesoderm at end of 2nd week ?
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1. splanchnopleuric mesoderm
2. somatopleuric mesoderm |
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22) parts of extraembryonic mesoderm at end of 3rd week?
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1. splanchno-pleuric mesoderm
2. somato-pleuric mesoderm 3. connecting stalk 4. chorionic mesoderm |
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23) difference between cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
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Min. 16
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24) areas of embryonic disc where mesoderm not formed thus endo and ectoderm remain in contact
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Buccopharyngeal membrane(=oropharyngeal membrabe)
Cloacal membrane |
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25) 3 structures that derive from neural crest
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-Melanocytes
-Schwann cells -Glial cells ( only by Antal!) Connective tissue and bones of the face and skull |
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26) 3 parts of intraembryonic mesoderm at the beginning of its differentiation
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1. Paraxial intraembryonic mesoderm
2. intermediate intraembryonic mesoderm 3. lateral plate mesoderm |
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27) placodes: definition and derivates.
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Def: thickening of the surface ectoderm at the cephalic region of the embryo.
lens placodes: -lenses of eye branchial placodes-sensory ganglia of 7,9,10 cranial nerves. Epibranchial placodes-sensory epithelium of the teste buds. nasal placodes: - olfactory epithelium |
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28) 3 clusters that derive from somites
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1. sclerotome
2. myotome 3. dermatome |
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29) structures that derive from ectoderm during 3rd week
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1. neural plate
2. neural tube 3, neural crest 4, neural fold |
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30) 3 molecules that influence somite differentiation?
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SHH (sonic hedgehog)
neurotrophin 3(NT3) PAX 1/ PAX 3 |
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31) Define: neurolation
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The formation of the neural tube by closure of the neural plate, directed by the underlying notochord.
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32) proteins involved in axis formation
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1. BMP-4
2. Lefty 3. cerebrus |
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33) Formation of IV discs:
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Developed from Notochord & Somites. + Mesenchymal Cells between cephalic & causal part of original sclerotome.
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34) what is meant by rearrangement of sclerotomes:
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the joining of the caudal half of one sclerotome to cephalic part of subjacent sclerotome – forming vertebra. (Min 48)
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35) list the fetal membranes
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1.amnion
2.chorion |
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36) signs of maturation of a new born
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1. for females: labia majora covers labia minora.
2. for males: testes in scrotum 3. forehead-hair border evident |
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37) Cephalo-caudal folding / lateral-transverse folding:
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Minimal
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38) hormones produced by placenta
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hCG (human chorionic gonadotropins), hCS (human chorionic somatotrophin), Progesteron, Estrogenic hormones, relaxin.
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39) layers of chorionic plate
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1. amniotic epithelium
2. central mesoderm 3. chorionic mesoderm 4. syncytiotrophoblast 5. cytotrophoblast |
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40) derivates of the ectoderm:
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1. CNS (central nervous system)
2. PNS (peripheral “ “). 3. epidermis, hair, nails. 4. Sensory epithelium of ear, nose, eyes |
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41) function of amniotic fluid, origin of amniotic fluid.
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Functions: shock absorbance, prevents adhesion of embryo to amnion, allows fetal movement.
Formed by amnioblasts and maternal blood (mainly by maternal blood) |
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42) Skull
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chondrocranium
viscerocranium |
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43) Twins minimal
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1. with separate placenta, amnion and chorion.
2. Common placenta and chorion, separate amniotic cavities, 3. common placenta, chorion and amniotic cavity. |
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44) names of blood vessels of mature umbilical cord? Which transports Ox. Blood?
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- 2 umbilical arteries.
- 1 umbilical vein – which transports Ox. Blood. |
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45) what is the connecting stalk and how does it develop further?
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Min 20
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46) layers of mature oocyte which are ejected with him during ovulation?
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1.Zona Pellucida
2. Corona Radiata |
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