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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Jurisdiction |
which is defined as a specific geographical area, also means the right or authority of a justice agency to act with regard to a particular subject matter, territory, or person. |
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Venue |
The place of a trial. It must be geographically appropriate. ex: Boston bomber, people wanted to have the trial in Boston but that wouldn't have been fair to him |
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Tithing System |
10 families agree to contributeto protection 10 tithings = shire Shire Reeve (now what we would call a sheriff) keeps order in shire,assisted by posse Develops into constable-watchsystem (as cities developed) |
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Shire Reeve |
In medieval England, the chief law enforcement officer in a territorial area called a shire; later called the sheriff keeps order in shire, assisted by posse |
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Posse |
Groups of able-bodied citizens of a community called into service by a sheriff or constable to chase and apprehend offenders. |
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Constable Watch System |
A system of protection in early England in which citizens, under the direction of a constable, or chief peacekeeper, were required to guard the city and to pursue criminals. |
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Constable |
The peacekeeper in charge of protection in early English towns. |
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Slave Patrols |
Theyhave been called “the first distinctively American police system.” Productof the slave codes, which prohibited slaves from: Holdingmeetings Leavingthe plantation without permission Travelingwithout a pass Learningto read and write Slave patrols often whipped andterrorized slaves. |
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Jim Crow |
Laws mandating dejure racialsegregation in all public facilities in states of the former Confederate Statesof America through 1950s. |
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Peel's Principles of Policing/The London Metropolitan Police |
Organizedaccording to military rank and structure. Underthe command of two magistrates (later called commissioners). Themain function of the police was to prevent crime by preventive patrol of thecommunity. |
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State vs. Federal vs. Local Law |
Local Police Duties: Organized according to Military Structure. Four categories of local police duties are: enforcement—investigating crime and arresting suspects Order maintenance or peacekeeping—controlling crowds, intervening in domestic disputes Service—escorting funeral processions, taking people to the hospital Information gathering—determining neighborhood reactions to a proposed liquor license, investigating a missing child case |
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There are 2 types of limitations for law enforcement, what are they and define them. |
1. Jurisdictional
Specific localities/areas/people over which or whom more than 18,000 law enforcementagencies have control 2. Procedural Limitationsdue to judicial decisions (stop and frisk, warrant requirements, Miranda, etc.) |
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Conflicting Roles |
Reform in the 1960's leads to new strategies, such as community policing. But Americans have never been sure what role they want the police to take: so they take the roles of peacekeepers, social workers, crime fighters, and public servants as well as many other roles. |
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State Police Agencies |
Develop throughout 1800s; allstates have by 1930s Develop due to growingpopulations, inability of some local sheriffs and constables to control crime Duties include: Enforcingtraffic laws on state highways Protectingstate officials and capitol Providingtechnological and scientific services (e.g., crime labs) Dealingwith complex cases impacting entire state |
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What are the State Law Enforcement models? |
1.) State Police Model ex: texas rangers; michigan state police 2.) Highway Patrol Model ex: california highway patrol 3.) Department of public safety model ex: alabama department of public safety |
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What are the main federal agencies that we looked at? |
1.) FBI 2.) Secret Service 3.) U.S. marshalls 4.) DEA 5.) Department of Homeland Security |
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U.S Law enforcement today is seperated into what sections? |
local, state, and federal |
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Federal Law Enforcement |
Major differences between federallaw enforcement and local and state police are: Federalagencies operate across the nation and abroad. Federalagencies usually do not have peacekeeping or order maintenance duties. Somefederal agencies have very narrow jurisdictions. |
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The Department Of Homeland Security |
The United States Congressresponded to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, by enacting theHomeland Security Act of 2002. The act established theDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS). Created to: Preventterrorist attacks within the United States Reducethe vulnerability of the United States to terrorism Minimizethe damage and assist in the recovery from terrorist attacks |
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U.S. Marshall Service |
First Federal Law Enforcement Agency (1789) Major responsibilities include: Judicial security Fugitive investigations Witness security Prisoner services (e.g., detaining presentenced federal prisoners, transport) Managing and disposing of seized and forfeited property Serving federal court criminal and some civil processes SSpecial operations e.g., (missile transport) |
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The Secret Service |
In 1865, the U.S. Secret Service was created as a branch of the Treasury Department to combat the counterfeiting of U.S. currency. Today, the mission of the United States Secret Service is: To safeguard the nation’s financial infrastructure and payment systems To preserve the integrity of the economy To protect national leaders, visiting heads of state and government, designated sites, and National Special Security Events |
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FBI |
Formed early 1900s. In the 1930s, became responsible for the UCR system(1930), established its own crime lab (1932), and founded the National PoliceAcademy (1935). Duties include: Protectthe U.S. from terrorist attack, foreign espionage, cyber attacks Combatpublic corruption at all levels Protectcivil rights Combatsignificant violent crime. Supportfederal, state, local, and international partners. |
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DEA |
President Richard Nixon createdthe Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) by executive order in 1973. Goal was to establish a single unifiedcommand to wage “an all-out global war on the drug menace.” Duties include: Investigationand preparation for the prosecution of major violators of controlledsubstance laws operating at interstate and international levels Managementof a national drug intelligence program Assetseizure and asset forfeiture Liaisonwith the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relatingto international drug control programs |
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Municipal Police Departments |
Most police departments in theUnited States employ fewer than 50 sworn officers. Most police officers:SIn2007, 75% of full-time sworn officers were white; 88% were men; 11.9% werewomen. |
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What are the 5 myths about policing? |
1.) The job of a police officer is increasingly dangerous 2.) Youtube videos and cellphone footage prove that today's cops are out of control 3.) Withmore criminals wielding heavy-duty weapons, police must militarize to catch up. 4.) Aggressive,confrontational policing is the best way to control crime. 5.) Tasersand other “less lethal” weapons allow cops to use less force. |
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What are the key contributions that we got from England regarding law enforcement? |
The people are the police Organization of the protection system is local |
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The Development Of American Law Enforcement |
The United States has more police departments than any other nation in the world. Virtually every community has own police force. Dual system of enforcement: Colonies bring constable system (leads to police depts.). Rural areas use sheriff and posse (leads to sheriff depts.). Three places where contemporary policing practices develop: Northern cities Western frontiers Southern slave patrols |
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Law Enforcement in the Cities |
•Industrial revolution brings largegroups; overcrowding •First Municipal Police in NY 1844 •Politics tied closely into policing •About controlling populations |
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What are political machines? |
political machines are parts of parties that can control places because of their influence, they can also help the community but use it to their advantage as well (can control the police too) an example of this was Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York |
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Law Enforcement in the Statesand on the Frontier |
Self-protection is most important Law enforcement more about response than control: Roundingupcattle rustlers Capturingescaped slaves |
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Professionalism and Reform |
Four blue-ribbon commissionsstudied the police in the United States from 1967 to 1973. The reports recommended: Carefulselection of law enforcement officers Extensiveand continuous training Bettermanagement and supervision |
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County Law Enforcement |
A substantial portion of lawenforcement work in the United States is carried out by sheriffs’ departments. In 2008, the nation had 3,063sheriffs’departments, employing 353,461 full-time personnel, of which about 50% weresworn peace officers. Most sheriffs directly elected.? |
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County Law Enforcement Functions |
County sheriff and departmentpersonnel perform many functions: Investigatingcrimes Supervisingsentenced offenders Enforcingcriminal and traffic laws Servingsummons, warrants, and writs Providingcourtroom security Transportingprisoners Operatinga county jail |