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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three types of muscle tissue
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Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth
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Skeletal Muscle tissue
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Organs attached to the bones and skin
Muscle fibers Striated Voluntary Require nervous system stimulation |
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Cardiac Muscle tissue
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Only in Heart
Striated involuntary Can contract without nervous system stimulation |
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Smooth Muscle tissue
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In walls of hollow organs
Not striated Involuntary Can contract without nervous system stimulation |
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List of muscle functions
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Movement of bones or fluids
Maintaining posture and body position stabilizing joints heat generation |
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List the connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle
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Epimysium- surrounding entire muscle
Perimysium- Surrounding fascicles(groups muscle fibers) Endomysium- surrounding muscle fibers |
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Attachments of skeletal muscle
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Insertion(movable) or Origin(less movable) then it can be either Direct(Flesh to bone) or Indirect(Tendon or Aponeurosis)
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Sarcomere
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Contains A Band with 1/2 I band at each end
Composed of thick and thin myofilaments made of contractile proteins |
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Thin Filaments
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Actin myofilaments
Ultrastructure- contraction: Troponin attaches--> tropomysin moves and uncover binding sites-->allow myosin attachment |
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Thick Filaments
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Myosin myofilaments
Ultrastructure- cross-bridge during contraction: Binding sites for actin of thin filaments--> Binding sites for ATP--> ATP enzymes |
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For skeletal muscle to contract (list)
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Activation
-signal(stimulation) from nervous system -action potential in sarcolemma Excitation-contraction coupling -Action potential propagated along sarcolemma -Intracellular Ca |
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Genration of an Action potential across the sarcolemma
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End plate potential-change in membrane
Depolarization-ignites action potential through membrane-->opens voltage-gated-->Na enters Repolarization- restore initial state-->K exits |
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Functional groups of skeletal muscles
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Prime mover (agonist)- initiation
Antagonist- opposes or reverse Synergist- helps prime mover Fixator-stability |
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Arrangements of Fascicles
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Circular
convergent (e.g., pectoralis major) Parallel (e.g., sartorius) Fusiform (e.g. Biceps brachii) Pennate (e.g.,rectus femoris); 3 forms Determines muscles range of motion and power |
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Basic principle of levers
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Effort farther Load from Fulcrum= advantage
Effort nearer then Load to Fulcrum= disadvantage |
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First class lever
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Fulcrum between load and effort (e.g., Seesaw, scissors..)
L F E |
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Second class lever
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Load between Fulcrum and Effort (e.g., standing on toes)
F L E |
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Third class lever
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Effort between Fulcrum and Load (e,g.,tweezers, bicep flexion)- speed/power levers... L E F
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How much force does it take to move an object with a lever? (formula) SOLVE?
weights = 30kg LA= ? EA= ? |
Effort= Load x Load Arm / Effort Arm
Measure: LA= F to L in cm; EA= F to E in cm 30x10cm(LA) / 15cm(EA) =20 (E) |