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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
powerful effects theory |
Theory that media have immediate direct influence |
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Walter Lippman |
His Public Opinion assumed powerful media effects in 1920s |
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Harold Lasswell |
His mass communication model assumed powerful effects |
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bullet model |
Another name for the overrated powerful effects theory |
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third person effect |
One person overestimating the effect of media messages on other people |
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W.P. Davison |
Scholar who devised third person effect theory |
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Paul Lazarsfeld |
Found voters are more influenced by other people than by mass media |
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minimalist effects theory |
Theory that media effects are mostly indirect |
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two-step flow |
Media affects individuals through opinion leaders |
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multistep flow |
Media affects individuals through complex interpersonal connections |
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status conferral |
Media attention enhances attention given to people , subjects, issues |
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agenda-setting |
Media tell people what to think about, not what to think |
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Maxwell McCombs and Don Shaw |
Articulated agenda setting theory |
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narcotizing dysfunction |
People deceive themselves into believing they are involved when actually they are only informed |
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Elizabeth Noelle Neumann |
Leading cumulative effects theorist |
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cumulative effects theory |
Theory that media influence is gradual over time |
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spiral of silence |
Vocal majority intimidates others into silence |
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socialization |
Learning to fit into society |
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prosocial |
Socialization perpetuates positive values |
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Joshua Meyrowitz |
Noted that media have reduced generational and gender barriers |
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role modeling |
Basis for initiative behavior |
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stereotyping |
Using broad strokes to facilitate storytelling |
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historical transmission |
Communication of cultural values to later generations |
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contemporary transmission |
Communication of cultural values to different cultures |
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diffusion of innovations |
Process through which news, ideas, values, and information spread |
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cultural imperialism |
One culture's dominance over another |
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Sigmund Freud |
Austrian psychiatrist who theorized that the human mind is unconsciously susceptible to suggestion |
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Ernest Dichter |
Pioneered subconscious appeals that can be used in advertising |
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Jim Vicary |
Made dubious subliminal advertising claims |
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subliminal message |
Cannot be consciously perceived |
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subception |
Receiving subconscious messages that trigger behavior |
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observational learning |
Theory that people learn behavior by seeing it in real life, in depictions |
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cathartic effect |
People release violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed |
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Aristotle |
Defended portrayals of violence |
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Seymour Feshbach |
Found evidence for media violence as a release |
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aggressive stimulation |
Theory that people are inspired to violence by media depictions |
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Bobo doll studies |
Kids seemed more violent after seeing violence in movies |
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Albert Bandura |
Found that media violence stimulated aggression in children |
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catalytic theory |
Media violence is among factors that sometimes contribute to real life violence |
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Wilbur Schramm |
Concluded that television has minimal effect on children |
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George Gebner |
Speculated that democracy is endangered by media violence |
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desensitizing theory |
Tolerance of real life violence grows because of media depicted violence |
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Violence Assessment Monitoring Project |
Conducted contextual nonviolence studies and found less serious media depictions than earlier thought |
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William McQuire |
Found most media violence research flawed |