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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How strong militarily was the US when George Washington became president in 1789? |
weak |
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What threatened our new nation? |
Events in Europe, particularly when France declared war on Great Britain. |
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What issue did Washington face? |
He didn't know what side to take. |
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What policy did he decide on? |
Neutrality and isolationism |
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What is neutrality? |
A policy of not choosing sides in a dispute or war between other countries. |
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What did avoiding alliances with other countries become known as? |
Isolationism |
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What occurred following the Jay Treaty? |
The British agreed to pull their troops from the Ohio Valley. France viewed this as a violation of their treaty with the US and began attacking US ship bound for Great Britain. |
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What did President Adams do when this occurred? |
He sent 3 representatives to France to ask the French to end the attacks. |
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What happened when the US representatives arrived? |
They were met by secret agents, X, Y, and Z. |
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Did the secret agents agree to negotiate? |
Not until Foreign Minister Tallyrand received a large sum of money as a tribute. |
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Did the Americans agree to pay the tribute? |
No |
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How did Americans feel about the XYZ affair? |
It angered them! |
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What did Congress approve? |
An army of 10,000 men and 12 ships was recruited and built. Congress launched a "half war" on the seas. |
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How did President Adams feel about the war? |
He knew it was not good for the country and sent a group of men to France to work for peace. |
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Was peace achieved? |
French military leader, Napoleon Bonapart made a treaty with the US in which he agreed to end France's alliance with the US and the US agreed to not make France pay for the ships which they seized. |
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How did the American people feel about the treaty? |
They didn't like it. It hurt Adams popularity and cost him votes in 1800. |
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How did President Jefferson react to France and Great Britain being at war again in 1803? |
He tried to remain neutral. |
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What was happening to American soldiers? |
They were being impressed. |
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What is impressment? |
Soldiers were being kidnapped by the British navy and being forced to serve in that navy. The British claimed the Americans were British deserters. |
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What else did American ships have to deal with? |
Piracy, or robbery at sea. |
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What did the US do to try to help the piracy situation? |
They paid a tribute to the Barbary State rulers in exchange for safety for American ships but the ruler of Tripoli demanded more and declared war on the US. |
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How did the US respond to Tripoli declaring war on our country? |
They fought back. But after a year a peace treaty was signed. |
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Was the treaty effective? |
No, ships continued to be raided in the Mediterranean. |
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What did Jefferson propose? |
An embargo. |
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What is an embargo? |
A government order that forbids trade with another country. |
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How did the Embargo Act affect Americans? |
They were hurt more than anyone else 55,000 sailors lost their jobs. |
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Did the Embargo Act stay in effect? |
No, it was repealed. |
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How did President Madison try to protect American sailors? |
He offered France and Great Britain a deal; if they stopped attacking American ships, we would stop trading with their enemies. |
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How did France and Great Britain respond to Madison's proposal? |
France agreed but the British continue to seize American ships and impress American sailors. |
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What was going on in the US with the Indians at this time? |
As American settlers began moving into the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, the Indians began to fight back, armed with British guns. |
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How did American respond to the Indian attacks? |
They were outraged and felt that they needed to make the frontier safe for settlers. |
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How did they propose making the frontier safe? |
The US thought they needed to drive the British out of Canada so that it could be added to the US. |
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What did James Madison decide to do? |
Madison decided to abandon isolationism. |
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What did he request that Congress do? |
At Madison's request, Congress declared war on Great Britain on July 17, 1812. |
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Did the US forces easily conquer Canada? |
No. They were forced back by British forces several times. Despite capturing a British fleet on Lake Erie, they were forced back by British troops. |
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Where did the British attack in the US? |
The British burned buildings in Washington DC and they bombarded Fort McHenry in Maryland. |
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Were the British victorious in Maryland? |
No, the American flag still flew. |
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How strong were the British troops at this point? |
They were weakening as was their desire to continue. |
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British leaders in the US were unaware that the leaders in Britain were losing their desire to continue. What did they do? |
They sent more than 7,500 troops to New Orleans. |
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Who were the British troops met by? |
General Andrew Jackson and his troops.
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What had the leaders in Britain done prior to the troops marching to New Orleans? |
They signed the Treaty of Ghent ending the war. The British lost around 2,000 troops unnecessarily. |
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Who won the war of 1812? |
No one really though both claimed victory. |
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What resulted after the war? |
Impressments and ship seizures faded, Indian resistance in the Northwest Territory weakened, and national pride surged. |
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What policy did President Monroe embrace? |
He returned the country to its policy of isolationism. |
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Where were conflicts beginning to rise up? |
Latin American countries were starting to rise up against Spain. |
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What did President Monroe announce? |
The Monroe Doctrine |
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What did the Monroe Doctrine state? |
The Monroe Doctrine stated that North and South America were "free and independent" and could not be colonized by any European powers. |
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How did Europeans feel about the Monroe Doctrine? |
They did like it and thought Monroe was arrogant. |
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How did Americans feel about the Monroe Doctrine? |
They cheered the message. |
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What became the US foreign policy in the years ahead? |
The Monroe Doctrine joined isolationism as our foreign policy. The US became a strong and confident nation. |