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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transfer RNA
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type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
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Messenger RNA
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RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
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Ribosomal RNA
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type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes.
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Transformation
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the process in which one strain of bacteria changes into another one.
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bacteriophage
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a virus that infects and kills bacteria.
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helix
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shape formed by each stand of DNA
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replication
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process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
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DNA polymerase
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the principle enzyme involved in DNA replication
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histone
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protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes.
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promoter
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signal in DNA that indicates to enzymes where to bind to make RNA
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introns
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three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide.
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codon
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gene that is transcribed into RNA
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mutation
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a change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information.
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expressed gene
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sections of RNA molecules that are removed before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional
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operon
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a group of genes that is operated together.
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nucleotides
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made up of three parts: a deoxyribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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base pairing
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the principle that states that hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA.
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chromatin
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Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance.
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transcription
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RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA.
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RNA polymerase
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The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.
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exons
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after introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining pieces are spliced together.
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translation
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the decoding of a mRNA message into a protein
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anticodon
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The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA condons
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hox genes
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a series of genes that controls organs and tissues that develope in various parts of the embryo.
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