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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two types of organism? |
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes |
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What are eukaryotic cells? |
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells, as well as cells in algae and fungi |
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What are prokaryotic cells and how do they differ to eukaryotic cells? |
Prokaryotic cells make up single-celled prokaryotic organisms, they are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells |
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Describe the structure of an animal cell
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plasma (cell surface) membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus,nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,ribosomes, nuclear envelope, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, mitochondria |
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What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't? |
1) cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata 2) vacuole 3) chloroplasts |
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Describe an algal cell |
Cells with the same structure as plant cells |
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Describe a fungal cell |
Same structure as plant cells EXCEPT - their cell walls made with chitin, not cellulose - no chloroplasts |
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What is an organelle? |
Parts of cells with specific functions |
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Describe a cell-surface membrane |
Membrane found on surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of other cells, made of lipids and proteins |
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What is the fuction of a cell surface membrane |
Regulates movememnt of substances in/out of cells, has receptor molecules on it which allows it to respond ti chemicals like hormones |
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Describe a nucleus |
Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope, containing pores. Nucleus contains chromosomes and a nucleolus |
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What is a nuclear envelope? |
A double membrane |
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What is the function of a nucleus? |
-controls cell's activities -DNA contains instructions to make proteins -pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm -nucleolus makes ribosomes |
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Describe a mitochondrion |
-oval-shaped -has a double membrane (inner one is folded to form a cristae) -has a matrix inside containing enzymes for respiration |
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What is the function of a mitochondrion |
-site of aerobic respiration -where ATP is produced -found in large numbers in active cells that require lots of energy |
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Describe a chloroplast |
-small and flat -found in plants and algae -has a double membrane -has thylakoid membranes inside that are stacked up to form grana -grana are linked by lamellae (flat pieces of thylakoid membrane) |
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What is the function of a chloroplast? |
-site of photosynthesis -some happens in grana -some happens in stroma |
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Describe a golgi apparatus |
-group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs -has vesicles on the edges of sacs |
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus |
-processes and packages new lipids and proteins -makes lysosomes |
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Describe a golgi vesicle |
-small fluid-filled sac -found in cytoplasm -surrounded by a membrane -produced bu golgi apparatus |
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What is the function of a golgi vesicle |
-stores lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus -transports them out of the cell via the membrane |
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Describe a lysosome |
-round organelle -sourrounded by a membrane -no internal structure -type pf golgi vesicle |
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What is the function of a lysosome |
-contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes -they're kept separate from cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane -can be used to digest invading cells -can break down the worn out components of the cell |