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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the outermost meninx covering of the brain?
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dura matter
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The cerebral hemisphere is what % of brain mass
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83%
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Why is the blood brain barrier absent in the brain stem and hypothalamus?
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Absent in the brain stem so you can vomit. Absent in the hypothalamus so it can sample the chemical composition of the blood
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What seperates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
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Central sulcus
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Paralysis to one side of the body because of a brain injury is called?
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Hemiplegia
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What disease causes massive degeneration of the basal nuclei and later the cerebral cortex (wild flapping involuntary movements)?
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Huntington's Disease
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Where is the blood brain barrier absent?
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Hypothalamus and the Medula
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What is a contusion?
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It is a more serious concussion that causes bruising of the brain and permanent neurological damage.
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What is the significance of the two spinal cord enlargements?
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It is doing more work in the cervical and lumbar regions because it is serving the limbs.
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Explain why damage to right internal capsule results in paralysis of the left side of the body.
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Just above the medulla-spinal cord junction, most of the nerve fibers cross over to the opposite side before continuing into the spinal cord. This crossover is called the descussation of the pyramids.
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What are nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system called?
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Nuclei
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Center of the cell...
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What seperates the parietal and occipital lobe?
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Parietal-occipital sulcus
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Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the Substantia nigra is:
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Parkinson's disease
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What is the function of the basal ganglia?
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Regulation, modulation & refinement of motor control
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How can you distinguish between the dorsal and ventral horns?
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The dorsal horns consist of interneurons & the ventral horns have some interneurons but mainly house cell bodies.
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How is the corpus striatum related to the fibers of the internal capsule?
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The fibers run past & through them - giving them a striped appearance.
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What is the corpus striatum?
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The lentiform & caudate nuclei
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Why is the lumbar puncture done in the subarachnoid space below L2?
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The spinal cord is absent there and the delicate nerve roots drift away from the point of needle insertion.
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What are the differences of the meninges of the spinal cord and the brain
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They are the same except the brain has a single dura matter.
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What is a concussion?
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a temporary alteration in brain function following a blow to the head
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What are the 4 stages of a coma?
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alertness, lethergy, stupor, coma
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a l s c
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What disease is a progressive degenerative diseas of the brain that ultimately results in dementia?
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Alzheimer's Disease
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The middle meninx (cobweb)?
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Arachnoid Matter
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What structure is instrumental in returning cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses?
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arachnoid villi
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"spider" "house in italy"
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A fiber tract that provides communication between different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere is called?
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association fiber
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The lentiform nucleus along with the caudate nuclei are called?
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basel nuclei
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If you have damage in Brocca's area of the brain, what symptom will you have?
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broken speech
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What is the collection of spinal nerves traveling in the vertebral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord? Hint...tail
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cauda equina
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What is responsible for the regulation of posture & coordination of complex muscular movements?
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Cerebellum
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Cauliflower
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What is shaped like a cauliflower
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cerebellum
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What connects the third & fourth ventricles?
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cerebral aquaduct
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Consciousness depends on the function of this part of the brain?
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cerebral hemisphere
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What are the two regions that the spinal cord is enlarged in?
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cervical and lumbar
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Structure that forms the cerebrospinal fluid?
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choroid plexuses
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What is the cerebral white matter responsible for?
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communication to the cerebral areas, the cerebral cortex, & lower CNS centers
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talking to three c areas
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What is the spinal cord terminus?
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conus medullaris
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two words
"cone head" "water boy aris" |
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What is located in the midbrain, & contains reflex centers for vision and audition?
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corpora quadrigemina
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What is the large commissural fibers connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
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corpus collosum
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What condition is cause by a torrent of electrical discharges of brain neurons?
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epilepsy
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Contains the pineal gland that secretes melatonin and helps regulate the sleep wake cycle
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epithalamus
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a dural fold that attaches the cerebrum to the crista galli of the skull
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falx cerebelli
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two words "fake" "front part of brain"
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What is the meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus?
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Filum Terminale
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File to the end...
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What is damage to the ventral root?
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flaccid paralysis
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What is the most superior boundary of the spinal cord?
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foramen magnum
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From this space the cerebral spinal fluid drains through the _________ into the __________.
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foramina fourth ventrical
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What is the fiber tract involved with olfaction?
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fornix
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Name the 5 lobes of the brain
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frontal, parietal, occipital, temperol, insular
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What are nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?
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ganglion
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bad group of kids
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What is an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue?
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gyri
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What is the autonomic control center of the body? (blood pressure, heartbeat)
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hypothalamus
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Where is the site of regulation of body temp & water balance, most important autonomic center?
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hypothalamus
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What seperates the frontal & parietal lobe from the temporal lobe?
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lateral sulcus
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Name the ventricles:
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lateral, third, & fourth
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What fissure separates the midline of the cerebral hemispheres?
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longitudinal fissure
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Where are the autonomic center that controls blood pressure, heart rate, & respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing, sneezing, & swallowing?
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medulla oblongata
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The three brainstem regions:
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midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata
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White matter is composed of?
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myelinated fibers
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Gray matter is composed of?
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nerve cell bodies
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What are axon fibers in the peripheral nervous system called?
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Nerves
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On my last...
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What is localized damage to the spinal cord or its roots?
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paralysis
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A transection that occurs between the T1 and L1 where both limbs are affected is called?
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paraplegia
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What is the outer layer that forms the periosteum of the skull?
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periosteal layer
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What is the innermost meninx covering of the brain?
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pia matter
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What causes Alzheimer's Disease?
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Plaque that consist of Beta Amyloid peptide form in the Hippocampus and basal Forebrain (regions involved in memory and thinking)
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What is the bridge:
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pons
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A fiber tract that crosses at the decussation of the pyramids?
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projection fiber
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What should not be in the cerebral spinal fluid?
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Protein
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A transection that occurs in the cervical region and all four limbs are affected is called?
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quadriplegia
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What is damage to the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex?
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spastic paralysis
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hyperactive jerking
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Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the central canal of the spinal cord and in the _________ space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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subarachnoid
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Where in the vertebral column is a lumbar puncture generally done?
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subarachnoid space below L2
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What is an groove of cerebral tissue?
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sulci
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What do the convolutions seen in the cerebrum increase?
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surface area
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a dural fold separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum
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tentorium cerebelli
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"a pop up ______""front most area of brain"
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What encloses the third ventricle?
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thalamus
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What is the gateway to the cerebral cortex?
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thalamus
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What plays a key role in mediating sensation & motor activity?
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thalamus
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Where is the important synapse site for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex?
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thalamus
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Name three parts of the diencephalon:
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thalamus, hypothalamus, & the epithalamus
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What are axon fibers in the central nervous system called?
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Tracts
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Railroad...
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What fissure separates the cerebral hemisphere & cerebellum?
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transverse cerebral fissure
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Name three parts of the Cerebral Hemisphere:
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White Matter, Gray Matter and Nuclei
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If you have damage in Wernicke's area of the brain, what symptom will you have?
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your able to speak but its nonsense
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