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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Distinguish between the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton.
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axial skeleton: the skull and the bones that support it; appendicular skeleton: bones associated with the appendages
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Compare and contrast the four main kinds of movable joints and provide an example of each.
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ball-and-socket joints: movement in all directions, hips and shoulders; pivot joints: allow twisting around each other, between radius and ulna; hinge joints: back-and-forth movement, elbows, knees, fingers, toes; gliding joints: allow bones to slide past each other, wrists
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How is compact bone structurally different from spongy bone?
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Compact bone is made up of osteon systems. Spongy bone contains holes.
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Identify and interpret the functions of the skeletal system.
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The skeletal system provides a framework for the tissues of the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals. It also protects internal organs and allows for efficient body movement.
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Why would it be impossible for bones to grow from within?
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The structure of compact bone would not allow growth from the inside.
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Outline the steps involved in bone formation and growth—from cartilage to the cessation of bone growth.
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(1) embryo skeleton is cartilage; (2) bone begins to replace cartilage- calcium salts and other ions are deposited and harden to form bone; (3) bones continue to grow in length from the ends, and in diameter from the outer surface until around age 20
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one of two main parts of the human skeleton, includes the skull and the bones that support it, such as the vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
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axial skeleton
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one of two main parts of the human skeleton, includes the bones of the arms and legs and associated structures, such as the shoulders and hip bones.
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appendicular skeleton
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point where two or more bones meet; can be fixed or facilitate movement of bones in relation to one another.
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joint
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tough band of connective tissue that attaches one bone to another
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ligament
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fluid-filled sac located between the bones that absorb shock and keep bones from rubbing against each other.
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bursa
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thick bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.
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tendon
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layer of protective hard bone tissue surrounding every bone; composed of repeating units of osteon systems.
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compact bone
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newly formed bone cells
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osteocytes
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soft bone containing many holes and spaces surrounded by a layer of more dense compact bone.
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spongy bone
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potential bone-forming cells that secrete collagen in which minerals in the bloodstream can be deposited
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osteoblast
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marrow found in the humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments involved in blood clotting
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red marrow
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marrow composed of stored fats found in many bones.
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yellow marrow
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