Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Origin of Species
|
1859
|
|
Four Assumption
|
1. Variation exists
2. Some variation is heritable 3. More offspring are produced than can survive 4. If some of the heritable variation is beneficial then that variation will be spread |
|
Natural Selection
|
1. Population with varied inherited traits
2. Elimination of individuals with certain traits 3. Reproduciton of survivors 4. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success |
|
Adaptation
|
the trait taht allowed the organism to be fit
|
|
Linnaeus
|
Binomial nomenclature 1700's
|
|
Hutton
|
Gradualism 1795
|
|
Malthus
|
There are limits to the growth of a population 1798
|
|
Cuvier
|
Proved extinction 1800's
|
|
Lamarck
|
theory of acquired characteristics 1809- ex. muscle builder would pass big muscles to children
|
|
Chambers
|
convinced the public that biological change is possible 1840's
|
|
Lyell
|
small geographic changes over time create large geographic change--Principles of Geology-- HMS Beagle w/ Darwin--1830's
|
|
Darwin
|
1859 Origin of Species
Galapagos Finches |
|
Wallace
|
pushed Darwin to publish
|
|
Homologous
|
some evolutionary history
|
|
Analogous
|
different evolutionary history, but SAME function
|
|
Convergent Evolution
|
different start- same end
|
|
Divergent Evolution
|
same start- different end
|
|
Vestigial organ
|
organ that is remnant of an ancestral trait but is no longer of use
|
|
Reznic and Endler Transplant Experiment
|
species change according to predation
|
|
Evolution
|
change in a popluations genetic structure over time
|
|
Microevolution
|
change in a population over time
|
|
Macroevolution
|
evolution (development) of a new species/genus/class/etc.
|
|
Anagenesis
|
one species changes into another
|
|
Cladogenesis
|
one species results in two species
|
|
Biological Species Concept
|
a species is a group of organisms that have the potential to breed and produce viable offspring in nature
|
|
Prezygotic Barriers
|
1. Habitat
2. Temporal 3. Behavioral 4. Mechanical 5. Gametic |
|
Postzygotic Barriers
|
6. Reduced Hybrid Viability
7. Reduced Hybrid Fertility 8. Hybrid Breakdown |
|
Allopatric Speciation
|
geographical barrier splits population
|
|
Sympatric Speciation
|
new species arises within the range of the original population
|
|
Ring Species
|
several population can interbreed except at one point in the range
|
|
Adaptive Radiation
|
multiple speciation events resulting from "new" habitat with little competition
|
|
Gradualism
|
slow changes
|
|
Punctuated Equilibrium
|
rapid changes
|
|
Exaption
|
changing the use of a trait from what it originally evolved for
|
|
Phylogeny
|
a theoretical grouping of organisms based on evolutionary history (a hypothesis)
|
|
Monophyletic
|
ancestor and all of its descendents
|
|
Paraphyletic
|
ancestor and some of its descendants
|
|
Polyphyletic
|
some descendants but not their common ancestor
|
|
Cladogram
|
picture of phylogeny (aka phylogentic tree)
|
|
Outgroup
|
least related to the rest of the species
|
|
Phylogram
|
lenght matters
|
|
Principle of Parsimony
|
simple explanations are better than more complex
|
|
Ecology
|
the study of an organisms interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors in its environment
|