Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 (general) components of emotions |
1. cognitions (thoughts) 3. feelings |
|
James-Lange theory (concept of) |
Autonomic arousal and skeletal actions come before the "feelings" of emotions. or |
|
James-Lange theory (4 steps) |
Event --> appraisal --> action --> emotional feeling [action - behavioral aspect (including physiology)] [emotional feeling -feeling aspect]
|
|
In accordance with the James-Lange theory, people with weak anatomical responses [*action* aspect] should feel _______ emotion. Increasing or causing anatomical responses should _________ an emotion. |
less, enhance/elicitP |
|
Pure anatomical failure |
When output from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) fails completely. (e.g. ANS no longer regulates HR, breathing rate, etc.) |
|
Studies show that people with pure anatomical failure report what? |
people report decreased emotional feeling |
|
People with botox demonstrate... |
These people demonstrate impaired ability to process unpleasant information. |
|
People with paralysis of their entire face demonstrate... |
These people demonstrate weak emotional responses overall. |
|
mobius syndrome |
rare condition where people cannot move their facial muscles to make a smile. (and have trouble making friends because of it) :/
|
|
The last three flashcards help emphasize the fact that... |
Feeling a body change can be an important part of feeling an emotion, but is not 100% necessary in order to feel the emotion. (It is still possible to feel the emotion without the body change, just more difficult and the feeling is weaker.) |
|
panic attack (symptoms) |
fear rapid breathing increased HR (extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal) |
|
Limbic system |
includes the [forebrain]1 and the [areas surrounding the thalamus]2
[frontal lobe]1 [cingulate gyrus, septic nuclei, olfactory bodies, anterior thalamic nuclei, mamillary bodies, fornix, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala]2 |
|
Brain areas important for emotion |
the limbic system and the cerebral cortex |
|
So far, different emotions have not been shown to be associated with specific brain areas except for...
**note: OTHER emotions (anger and fright) ALSO result in activation of this area, but this ONE emotion results in activity that is almost solely in this area |
disgust: insular cortex (aka insula) (also aka "primary gustatory cortex"/"primary taste cortex")
(...so when we are disgusted we literally respond in the brain as if something tastes bad and we want to spit it out) |
|
BAS |
Behavioral Activation System ("approach") activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the LEFT HEMISPHERE
.moderate to low autonomic arousal .a tendency to approach (someone/thing?) .either happiness or anger |
|
BIS |
Behavioral Inhibition System ("withdrawal") activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the RIGHT HEMISPHERE
.heightened attention and autonomic arousal .inhibition of action .stimulation of emotions such as fear/disgust |
|
People who show more activity in brain regions associated with BAS (L f/t) tend to be _____________, whereas people with more activity in brain regions associated with the BIS (R f/t) tend to be ________________. |
happier, more outgoing, more fun-loving ("approach")
socially withdrawn, less satisfied with life, prone to unpleasant emotions ("withdrawal") |
|
When listening to laughter or crying or paying attention to emotional aspects of a facial expression, which hemisphere is more active? |
the right hemisphere |
|
Which brain hemisphere is more Responsive to emotional stimuli than the other? |
RIGHT hemisphere |
|
People with damage to the right hemisphere have trouble identifying what? |
Other peoples emotional expressions (facial expressions) |
|
People who show damage to this hemisphere do not experience strong emotions or even don't remember feeling the emotions at all |
the right hemisphere |
|
Which hemisphere is "Less emotional" or less responsive to emotional stimuli |
the left hemisphere |
|
Prefrontal cortex damage (think Phineas Gage, the guy who was a railroad worker in the 1840s and had a metal rod shoot through his forehead bc of an explosion, but survived) |
.blunted emotions .impaired decision making .impulsive and unemotional decision making .more likely to choose utalitarian option, even if it is emotionally unacceptable to most people .inability to evaluate values and emotions (and to make decisions accordingly) |
|
Why does damage to brain areas related to emotional feelings also impair decision making? |
people with impaired or absent ability to feel emotionally cannot imagine what the emotional reactions to the possible consequences of their decisions will be. |
|
ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage (a specific part of the prefrontal cortex) |
.lack sense of guilt .more selfish .little concern or care for others .low generosity |
|
prefrontal cortex or AMYGDALA damage |
.no nervous tension .failure to anticipate the unpleasantness of many likely outcomes => bad decisions * can also HELP make better decisions SOMETIMES because can calmly follow advice and logic in emergency situations without emotions infterfering (e.g. car crash, etc.) |