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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A diploid cell of baker's yeast has 32 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each of its haploid spores? |
16 |
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When do homologous chromosomes separate from one another? |
during meiosis 1 |
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In cystic fibrosis, which of the following is/are affected? |
airways digestive system reproductive system |
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Every person has _____ alleles of the CFTR gene. |
2 |
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A meiotic error occurred during gamete formation resulting in an egg that has 24 chromosomes. If that egg is fertilized by a normal sperm, how many chromosomes will be in the zygote? |
47 |
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What is the genotype of a person with CF? |
homozygous recessive |
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A woman has cystic fibrosis. Therefore: |
she must have inherited a cystic fibrosis allele from both her mother and her father |
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In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during: |
meiosis 2 |
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A gene encodes a protein of 350 amino acids. A mutation creates an allele that only has the first 120 amino acids. What could happen to this mutant allele? |
The protein encoded by the mutant allele is shorter than the one encoded by the normal allele. The protein encoded by the mutant allele could be non-functional. The mutant allele could be associated with disease. |
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`Allele A has 235 codons. Allele a (an alternative allele of the same gene) has 233 codons. When comparing the protein encoded by allele A to that encoded by allele a, protein A must be: |
longer by 2 amino acids |
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A person has a cystic fibrosis phenotype. What does this mean about the protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene in their cells? |
the protein is not functional |
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An alien species has 102 chromosomes in its diploid somatic cells. Its haploid gametes will have _____ chromosomes. |
51 |
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Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dominant dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of two hairless dogs having a hairy puppy? |
1/4 |
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A person has cystic fibrosis. What does this mean about their alleles in the cystic fibrosis gene? |
both are non-functional |
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Are all mutations harmful? |
No, not all mutations change the amino acid sequence of the protein. No, some mutations are beneficial. |
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Having two copies of every chromosome is referred to as being: |
diploid |
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A mutation in the coding sequence of the CFTR gene does not change the amino acid sequence of the CFTR protein. This mutation is most likely to be _____. |
neutral (has no effect) |
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A person inherits a functional cystic fibrosis allele from both parents. This person will have cystic fibrosis. |
false |
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define homozygous |
have two identical allelles |
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independent assortment |
the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis |
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what are gametes |
specialized reproductive cells that carry one copy of each chromosome (haploid). ex: sperm= male gametes egg=female gamete |
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what is meiosis |
a specialized type of nuclear division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes |
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Haploid |
having only one copy of every chromosome |
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mutation |
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. |
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homologous chromosomes |
A pair of chromosomes that both contain the same genes. In a diploid cell, one chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. |
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diploid |
having two copies of every chromosome |
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embryo |
An early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multicellular structure. |
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heterozygous? |
having two different alleles |
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punnett square |
A diagram used to determine probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes, given the genotypes of the parents. |
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recombination |
An event in meiosis during which maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and physically exchange DNA segments. |
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zygote |
a fertilized egg |
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A visual representation of the occurrence of phenotypes across generations is called a _____. |
pedigree |
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A form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive is: |
incomplete dominance |
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The failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during cell division is called: |
nondisjunction |
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How does an XX female inherit her two chromosomes? |
one from mom and one from dad |
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X-linked traits are most typically inherited by _____ from their _____. |
sons; mothers |
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A woman produces an egg with 24 chromosomes, including two copies of chromosome 21. If the egg is fertilized by a normal sperm, the zygote will have _____ chromosomes. |
47 |
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Which two people would have the most different Y chromosome? |
a father and his daughter's biological son |
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A form of inheritance in which both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype is _____. |
codominance |
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A pregnant woman has amniocentesis in order to: |
examine the embryonic/fetal karyotype. |
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what kind of couple could have a boy with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)? |
a male with DMD and a carrier female |
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The combination of alleles a person inherits (aabbcc, AabbCc, etc.) predicts a distinct phenotype. We call this type of inheritance: |
polygenic |
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A person with 47 total chromosomes has a karyotype that can best be described as _____. |
aneuploid |
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true or false: A phenotype determined by an allele on the X chromosome is called an X-linked trait. |
true |
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A mating of two people of medium height (where three genes control height): AaBbCc x AaBbCc produce _____ distinct phenotypes determined by the number of genes inherited. |
seven |
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true or false: Karyotype analysis can be used to detect trisomy 21 prenatally. |
true |
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Which of the following most influences the development of a female fetus? |
the absence of a Y chromosome |
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A trait with polygenic inheritance is influenced by: |
alleles of multiple genes |
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A sperm with two copies of chromosome 15 is fertilized by a normal egg. The zygote will have a(n) _____ karyotype. |
aneuploid |
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what are autosomes |
the paired chromosomes present in both males and females. all chromosomes except the X and Y chromosomes. |
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true or false: A person with type B blood makes antibodies against the "B" antigen. |
false |
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A shorter form of the allele for serotonin transporter protein has been linked to _____ in humans. |
anxiety disorder |
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A liver cell of a person with Down syndrome has _____ chromosomes. |
47 |
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You have type B blood. Therefore you can accept blood donations from people with a(n) _____ genotype. |
BB and BO |
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A black dog is bred with a brown dog, and all the puppies have patches of black and brown. The color coat alleles for black and brown are an example of: |
codominance |
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A man with straight hair marries a woman with wavy hair. What is the chance that their first child will have wavy hair? |
50% |
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An individual inheriting the genotype aaBbCc falls in the _____ foot phenotype. |
five |
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A procedure that removes fluid surrounding the fetus to obtain and analyze fetal cells to diagnose genetic disorders. |
AMNIOCENTESIS |
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An interaction between genes and the environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait. |
MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE |
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The failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during cell division; in meiosis leads to aneuploid gametes. |
nondisjunction |
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Variation in a population showing an unbroken range of phenotypes rather than discrete categories. |
CONTINUOUS VARIATION |
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A form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive. |
incomplete dominance |
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An abnormal number of one or more chromosomes (either extra or missing copies). |
ANEUPLOIDY |
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Sex organs: ovaries in females, testes in males. |
GONADS |
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A trait whose phenotype is determined by the interaction among alleles of more than one gene. |
POLYGENIC TRAITS |
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Carrying an extra copy of chromosome 21; also known as Down syndrome. |
TRISOMY 21 |
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A phenotype determined by an allele on an X chromosome. |
x-linked traits |
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Comparing sequences on the Y chromosome to examine paternity and paternal ancestry. |
Y-CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS |
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Mendel's Law of Segregation |
for any diploid organism, the 2 alleles of each gene segregate separately into gametes. ---every gamete receives only one of the two alleles and the specific allele that any one gamete receives is random |
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
two alleles of any given gene segregate independently from any two alleles of a second gene -bc of this, offspring can display any combo of the diff traits rather than inheriting the traits together |
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Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of one hairless dog having a hairy puppy? |
0% |
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true or false: A person inherits a functional cystic fibrosis allele from both parents. This person will have cystic fibrosis. |
false |
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If two genes are located next to one another on the same chromosome, can you use the Punnett square to assess inheritance of the two genes? |
no |
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Mexican hairless dogs are hairless because of a dominant allele of a particular gene. Homozygous dominant dogs die in utero (before being born). What is the probability of two hairless dogs having a hairless puppy? |
2/3 |
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Gamete: How many chromosomes in one gamete How many alleles of each gene present |
23; 1 |