Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
operon
|
A region of bacterial DNA and regulatory sequences that codes for a series of functionally related genes.
|
|
transcription
|
The process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a DNA template.
|
|
lac operon
|
The operon in E. coli that includes genes responsible for the metabolism of lactose.
|
|
galactoside permease
|
A membrane transport protein responsible for importing lactose into bacterial cells; coded for by the gene lacY.
|
|
repressor
|
A regulatory protein that inhibits the transcription of certain genes.
|
|
operator
|
A section of DNA in the lac operon that is the binding site for the repressor.
|
|
RNA polymerase
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotides, using a DNA template.
|
|
promoter
|
A short sequence of DNA that facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to enable the transcription of downstream genes.
|
|
negative control
|
A type of gene regulation in which a repressor protein binds to a control sequence in the DNA and prevents transcription.
|
|
inducer
|
A molecule that triggers transcription of a specific gene.
|
|
allosteric regulation
|
Regulation of gene activity by a change in shape of a large regulatory protein, usually induced by a small molecule.
|
|
master plate
|
A plate that contains a complete medium, which allows any mutant cells under investigation to grow.
|
|
replica plating
|
A technique in which bacteria from a master plate are stamped onto a replica plate containing a specific medium, thereby enabling investigators to find mutant cells that do not grow in the medium under study.
|
|
replica plate
|
A plate that contains only a specific medium under study, on which mutant cells cannot grow.
|
|
catabolite repression
|
A type of inhibition of gene transcription in which a gene codes for an enzyme in a catabolic pathway and the end product of that pathway inhibits further transcription of that gene.
|
|
adenylyl cyclase
|
An enzyme that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP.
|
|
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
|
A regulatory molecule that binds to a catabolite activator protein (CAP), thereby enabling the CAP to bind to a site near the promoter of an operon (the CAP site).
|
|
catabolite activator protein (CAP)
|
A protein that binds near the promoter of an operon, facilitating the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter and thereby stimulating transcription.
|
|
positive control
|
A type of gene regulation in which an activator protein binds to a control sequence in the DNA and promotes transcription.
|