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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Equation for Angular Diameter
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q = 57.30 Diameter / distance
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Equation for Speed
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Speed = Distance x Time
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What is a degree made up of, and how many? What is that made up of?
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1 degree = 60 arcminutes
1 arcminute = 60 arcseconds |
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Equation for Circumference
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C = 2 x 3.14 x radius
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Scientific Notation: Process for Multiplication and Division
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You multiply and divide the constants, and either add (multiplication) or subtract (division) the exponents.
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Scientific Notation: Process for Addition and Subtraction
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You have to make the powers of ten the same, then just add or subtract the constants.
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The white light images produced by Galileo's telescopes were tinged with color because of
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chromatic aberration
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Sites for new large ground-based telescopes are selected primarily on the basis of least amount of atmosphere (high alititude), dry, and elevation above sea-level, but not
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proximity to universities and research centers
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A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a(n):
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electronic camera that converts incoming light into electronic signals.
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Basic unit of length in the metric system is the
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meter
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Which unit of measure, often used by astronomers, is not a SI unit?
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kg/(m cubed)
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If the Sun is just setting, and the Moon is at its full phase, the Moon will be
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on the easter horizon
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The time required for the Moon to return to the same position relative to the stars is approx.
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28 days
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When the Moon is lying on a line directly b/w the Earth and the Sun, not close enough to cast a full shadow on the Earth, we have a(n)
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annular eclipse
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A Star that appears brighter to an observer on Earth has a lower
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apparent magnitude
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A Star that is 100x fainter than another star at the same distance will be
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5 magnitudes dimmer
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A star that is 2 magnitudes brighter when compared with another star @ the same distance is about
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6x more luminous
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Who is given credit for idea that Earth is not center of universe?
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Copernicus
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THe closer a planet, asteroid, or comet is to the Sun in its orbit, the faster it moves. This is a consequence of
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The Law of Equal Areas
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Which is the only planet whose orbit is significantly tilted with respect to the ecliptic?
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Pluto
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The Earth's weather occurs in the
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troposphere
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Most of the rocks found on the Moon are
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igneous
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The surgace of Venus shows many familiar features, but no
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oceans
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The known Kuiper belt objects have orbital semimajor axes in the approx. range:
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30 to 50 AU
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The part of a comet composed of fine solid particles release from the ices of the nucleus as the vaporize is the
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coma
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Most meteorites found after observing their fall are made primarily of
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iron
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The length of its semimajor axis indicates that Pluto is, on average, ________ the Sun than Neptune
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farther from
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Three Criteria that Scientific Theory must Uphold
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1. Must be consistent with known facts through observaion and experimentation.
2. Capable of making a prefiction both in the past and future. 3. Satisfy Occan's Razor that mature is simple. |
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What is the hardest and most common thing astronomers do ?
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Measure distance
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What are the five planets the ancients saw?
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Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
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Celestial objects not visible to ancients
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asteroids, interstellar dust and gas, galaxies, interplanetary dust.
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Celestial obhects visible to ancients
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stars, Earth's Moon, planets, comets, meteors
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How many official constellations are there?
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88
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Name the kinds of electromagnetic radiation in order of wavelength (large to small)
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radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
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What is the theory that states that light is made up of a steady stream of particles?
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The Corpuscular Theory by Newton
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What is the Wave theory?
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There is a similarity between light and water waves, and that light consists of waves.
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How is info. about the universe conveyed?
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By its light.
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Define spectrum, spectroscopy, and spectrograph
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Spectrum- (Newton) divides light into different wavelengths.
Spectroscopy- the science of analyzing the spectrum. spectrograph- the instrument that spreads out the light. |
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What is the speed of light?
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3 x 10 to the 8 m/s
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What is the equation to determine the speed of light?
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& x f = c
(f being the frequency in Hz or MHz-radio) |
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What is Kepler's 3rd Law?
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P squared = a cubed
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What is the luminosity equation?
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L = R squared x T to the 4th
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LGP Equation
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(D/d) squared
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The colder the object, the ________ the wavelength
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longer
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What is Wein's law
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& max (m) = 0.0029 / T (k)
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How do you convert F to C?
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T (in F) = 9/5 C plus 32
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What is Newton's version of Kepler's 3rd Law?
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(m plus M)p squared = a cubed
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What is Newton's 2nd law?
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Force = mass x acceleration
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Name the planets in order from the Sun
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (Terrestrial) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (Jovian)
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What are Galilean Moons of Jupiter, nearest to farthest? In order of size?
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Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto (I Eat Green Carrots)
Ganymede (largest in solar system), Callisto (3rd largest in solar system), Io (4th largest in solar system), Europa (6th largest in solar system). |
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What is the Roche limit?
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The Sun has no planets inside this limit. Planets have no natural large moons inside this limit.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Orbital telescopes
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advantages- better resolution because no atmosphere
disadvantages- expensive and hard to access for repairs. |
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What is the magnitude table?
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1- 2.5
2- 6.3 3- 16 4- 40 5- 100 |
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What are the two terms for Earth-centered and Sun-centered ?
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Geocentric/ Ptalomaic and Heliocentric
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What is our modern calendar system?
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Gregorian calendar
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What is the heaviest part of the comet? is it large or small?
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The nucleus, it is small
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How many tails on the comet? What are they?
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Two tails (one gas, one dust).
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When is tide weakest? Strongest?
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New Moon, Full Moon
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What is Pluto?
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A Dwarf Planet
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What are light particles called? Does it have continuous energy?
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Photons; no.
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Describe the inverse relationship between red and blue light and their wavelengths, temperatures, and frequency.
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Red photons- longer wavelength, lower temperatures, lower frequency.
Blue photons- shorter wavelength, higher temperatures, higher frequency. |
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What is the Stefan-Boltzmann Law?
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Total Energy Radiated Per Second per Square Meter (Area) is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature:
E = & T to the 4th |
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Name the phases of the Moon
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New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent
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