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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Loess
[lO es, les, lus] |
Fine grained soil deposited in Ordos region in China bent by winds from central Asia; created fertile soil for sedentary agricultural communities
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Daoism
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Philosophy associated with Laozi; stressed need for alignment with Dao or cosmic force
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Secret societies
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Chinese peasant organizations; provided financial support in hard times and physical protection in case of disputes with local aristocracy
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Patrilineal
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Family descent and inheritance traced through the male line
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Loyang
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Along with Xian, capital of the Zhou dynasty
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Hsiung-nu
[shEE oong nU] |
Also known as the Huns; horse nomads responsible for the disruption of Chinese, Gupta, and Roman civilizations
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Shang
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First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bend
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Laozi
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Also known as Lao Tsu; major Chinese philosopher; recommended retreat from society into nature; individual should seek to become attuned with Dao
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Ordos bulge
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Located on Huanghe River; region of fertile soil; site of Yangshao and Longshan cultures
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Qin dynasty [chin]
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Established in 221 B.C.E. at the end of the Warring States period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; fell in 207 B.CE.
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Wang Mang
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Member of one of the powerful families related to the Han emperors through marriage; temporarily overthrew the Han between 9 and 23 C.E.
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Liu Bang
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Founder of the Han dynasty in 202 B.C.E.
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Shi
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Probably originally priests; transformed into corps of professional bureaucrats because of knowledge of writing during Zhou dynasty in China
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Forbidden City
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Imperial precinct within the capital cities of China; only imperial family, advisors, and household were permitted to enter
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Yellow River
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Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China
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Confucius
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Also known as Kung Fuzi; major Chinese philosopher; born in 6th century B.C.E.; author of Analects; philosophy based on need for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found among the shi
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Feudalism
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The social organization created by exchanging grants of land or fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service; typical of Zhou dynasty and European Middle Ages; greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords in return for military service
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Oracles
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Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing
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Yu
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A possible mythical Chinese ruler revered for the construction of an effective system of flood control along the Huanghe River valley; founder of the Xia kingdom
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Ideographic writing
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Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing
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Tian
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Heaven; an abstract conception in early Chinese religion; possibly the combined spirits of all male ancestors; first appeared during Zhou dynasty
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Mandate of Heaven
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The divine source for political legitimacy of Chinese rulers; established by Zhou to justify overthrow of Shang
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Extended families
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Consisted of several generations, including the family patriarch’s sons and grandsons with their wives and children; typical of Shang China elites
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Nuclear families
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Consisted of husband and wife, their children, and perhaps a grandmother or orphaned cousin; typical of Chinese peasantry
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Great Wall
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Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi
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Mencius
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Also known as Meng Ko; follower of Confucius; stressed consent of the common people
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Xia
[shEE Š] |
ChinaÕs first, possibly mythical, kingdom; no archeological sites have been connected to it; ruled by Yu
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Shi Huangdi
[shOE hwŠng dEE] |
Founder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 B.C.E.
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Eunuchs
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Castrated males used within the households of Chinese emperors, usually to guard the emperorsÕ concubines; became political counterbalance to powerful marital relatives during Later Han
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Scholar-gentry
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Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China
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Zhou
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Originally a vassal family of Shang China; possibly Turkic in origin; overthrew Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty
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Xian
[shEE Šn] |
Along with Loyang, capital of the Zhou dynasty
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Wu
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First of the Zhou to be recognized as king, 1122 B.C.E.
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Han dynasty
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Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 B.C.E.; ruled for next 400 years
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Vassal retainers
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Members of former ruling families granted control over the peasant and artisan populations of areas throughout Shang kingdom; indirectly exploited wealth of their territories
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Sunzi
[hsun tzu, shUn-] |
A 4th century B.C.E. advisor to Chinese monarch, who wrote the classic treatise The Art of War
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