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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A group of specialized cells that secrete a substance in response to signals
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Glands
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A specialty in medicine which studies the endocrine glands, their secretions, and their related disorders.
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Endocrinology
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Glands which secrete substances into ducts. These substances usually serve a protective or functional purpose but are not always 100% hormones.
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Exocrine Glands
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sweat glands, mamary glands, mucous membranes, and salivary glands are examples of…
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Exocrine Glands
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glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream (no ducts), are primarily regulatory in function, and act on remote tissues are called
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endocrine glands
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remote tissues acted on by the secretions of exocrine glands are also known as…
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target tissues
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chemical regulators that integrate and coordinate body activities. They speed up or slow down the activities of entire body organs or systems.
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hormones
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Growth and maturation, Metabolism, and Reproduction are all functions of the…
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Endocrine system
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The tiny but complex portion of the brain which is attached to the pituitary gland by means of the infundibular stalk (also called the hypophyseal stalk) is called the…
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Hypothalamus
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The hormones released by this are describes as releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones.
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Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus either secretes or controls the secretions of the _________ gland.
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Pituitary
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The pituitary gland is also known as the __________.
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Hypophysis
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The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the _______________.
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Adenohypophysis
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The sdenohypophysis secretes several hormones known as _____________.
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Glycoproteins
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Five of the hormones produced by the adenohypophysis are grouped together into the ______________. These hormones control the growth, development, and function of the other endocrine glands.
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Tropic Hormones
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Released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of ACTH, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin)
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CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
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ACTH, released by the adenohypophysis in response to CRH (corticotropin) of the hypothalamus
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce gluccocorticoids (such as cortisol) which are vital to metabolizing carbohydrates.
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ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
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Released by the hypothalamus to stimulate release release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
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Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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The hypothalamus serves to inhibit Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by releasing…
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Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)
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Produced and released by the adenohypophysis in response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) by the hypothalamus
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Growth Hormone (GH), Human Growth Hormone (hGH),or somatropin
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Stimulates growth in all body tissues.
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GH, hGH, or somatropin
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The hormone released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the adenohypophysis to stimulate the sex glands of the body is called
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Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
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The hormones released by the adenohypophysis to stimulate the sex glands in the body are called…
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Follicle- Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) produces __________________ in women, and _______________ in men.
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Follicle Stimulation, Sperm Production
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH) produces what in women?
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Ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in men is known as…
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Interstitial- Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
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Interstitial- Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) produces what in men?
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Influences the secretion of testosterone and other other sex hormones from specialized areas in the testes
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Gonads
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Reproductive organs
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LH, ICSH, and FSH are known as ___________ hormones because they affect the ______, or reproductive organs.
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Gonadotropic, Gonads
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The hormone that stimulates milk production in women following pregnancy is known as…
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis in response to what hormone secreted by the hypothalamus?
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Prolactin- Releasing Hormone (PRH)
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The function of prolactin in men is…
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Not understood at this time
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The hypothalamus inhibits the production of prolactin by secreting what hormone?
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Prolactin- Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
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Some texts identify a middle lobe of the pituitary gland. The most important hormone secreted there is the ______________________________, which is secreted in response to CRH, or Corticotropin- Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.
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Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
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Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH) influences _________________.
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Skin Pigmentation
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The hypothalamus inhibits production of MSH by the secretion of…
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Melanocyte- Inhibiting Factor (MIF)
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The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the...
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Neurohypophysis
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Actually an outgrowth of the hypothalamus and is embryonically derived from the nervous system.
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Neurohypophysis
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The two neurohypophyseal hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus and released by the neurohypophysis. They are…
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Oxytocin and Vasopressin
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Vasopressin is also known as…
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Anti-Dieuretic Hormone (ADH)
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Stimulates the contraction of the uterus during delivery and helps to keep it contracted after delivery (to prevent hemorraging)
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Oxytocin
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The trade name for the manmade variant of oxytocin is…
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Pitocin (referred to as "Pit Drip" during delivery)
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Stimulates contractions of blood vessels to raise the blood pressure; affects the uterus; and influences reabsorbtion (resorbtion) of water by the kidneys
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Vasopressin, or Anti-Dieuretic Hormone (ADH)
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The largest of the endocrine glands is the…
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Thyroid gland
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The gland that controls metabolism is the…
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Thyroid gland
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The thyroid gland secretes two hormones, they are…
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Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyroxine (T3)
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T3 and T4 are synthesized from ______ by the thyroid gland
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Iodine
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If there is an innsufficient supply of dietary iodine the thyroid gland enlarges, creating a condition known as ______.
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Goiter
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The hormone that decreases the blood's calcium level is __________ or _______________ and is produced by the thyroid gland.
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Calcitronin or Thyrocalcitronin
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Pea- sized glands that lie on either side of the thyroid gland under the surface and are usually in pairs.
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Parathyroid Glands
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Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
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Parathormone or Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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In addition to increasing calcium levels in the blood PTH (Parathormone or Parathyroid Hormone) also promotes the formation of _________, a hormone synthesized from vitamin D, which increases the rate of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus absorbtion in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Calcitrol
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Patients with calcium defficiency will usually experience muscle twitching and spasms, and possibly seizures. This condition is known as…
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Tetany
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The two adrenal glands are located…
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directly above (immediately superior) to the two kidneys, like hats.
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The adrenal glands are also known as…
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The Suprarenal Glands
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The two divisions of the adrenal glands are known as…
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The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
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The central portion of the adrenal glands
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The adrenal medulla
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secrets hormones known as catecholamines which are made from amino acids
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Adrenal Medulla
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The two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and collectively known as catecholamines are…
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine are known collectively as…
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Catecholamines
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The adrenal medulla is not considered necessary for life because the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine mimic the functions of the…
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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The outer portion of the adrenal glands is known as the…
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Adrenal Cortex
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The adrenal cortex secretes many compounds known collectively as…
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Corticosteroids or Corticoids.
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The three divisions of corticosteroids (or corticoids) are…
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Mineralocorticoids, Gluccocorticoids, and and the Sex Hormones (Androgens and Estrogens).
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Mineralocorticoids regulate ___________ amounts in the body.
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electrolyte
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All of the corticosteroids (corticoids) are derived from __________.
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Cholesterol
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The most important mineralocorticoid which stimulates the reabsorption od sodium into the plasma is…
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Aldosterone
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The corticoids that have an important influence on the synthesis of glucose, amino acids, and fat are the…
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Gluccocorticoids
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The most predominant gluccocorticoid is…
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Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)
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"Moon Face" and "Buffalo hump" in patients taking gluccocorticoids is a sign of…
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Redistribution of fat in the body.
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The cone shaped gland located at the top portion of the brain's third ventricle.
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Pineal Gland (Pineal Body)
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Produces melatonin
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Pineal Gland (Pineal Body)
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Hormone thought to influence the body's sleep-wake cycle
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Melatonin
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The gonads, or glands of reproduction are the…
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Testes and Ovaries
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Produceds testosterone
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Testes
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Male sex hormones including testosterone are collectively known as…
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Androgens
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Ovaries produce ________ and ____________, which regulate female sex characteristics and menstruation.
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Estrogens and Progesterone
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The gland that is both endocrine and exocrine and releases digestive enzymes into a duct system leading to the small intestine.
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The Pancreas
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The endocrine portions of the pancreas reside in the ____________________, several million small islets scattered throughout its body and tail.
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Islets of Langerhans (Pancreatic Islets)
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Within the Islets of Langerhans are four types of cells which secrete pancreatic hormones. Those cells are…
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Alpha, Beta, Delta, And F cells.
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The hormones secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas, which make up about 20 % of all the islets of langerhans is…
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Glucagon
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Glucagon ________ blood sugar levels.
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Increases
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The hormone secreted by Beta cells in the pancreas, which make up about 70% of all the islets of langerhans is…
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Insulin
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Insulin _________ blood sugar levels.
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Decreases
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after eating is referred to as…
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Postprandial
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Delta cells of the pancreas, which make up about 5% of the islets of langerhans, secrete…
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Somatostatin
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The secretion of the F cells of the pancreas, which make up about 5% of the islets of langerhans.
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Pancreatic polypeptide
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The gland located behind the breastbone and relatively large in children while becoming smaller after puberty is the…
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Thymus Gland
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The thymus gland produces…
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Thymosin (Thymic Hormone)
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Thymosin is known to stimulate production of…
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T-cells (also called T-Lymphocytes, T-Helper Cells, or Thymus-Dependent Cells)
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T-Cells are essential for development of…
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Immunity and the body's ability to fight off infection.
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Hormones that are very involved in the body's inflammatory process and are produces by most tissues of the body.
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Leukotrienes (LT's)
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Specialized fatty acids that were first isolated in the seminal fluid of the prostate. Not hormones, they nevertheless share many characteristics of hormones.
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Prostaglandins
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Prostaglandins effects are localized to the area…
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in which they are produced.
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Ibuprofen is an over the counter ___________ inhibitor, which works primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent
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Prostaglandin
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The body works primarily on _______ feedback.
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Negative
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