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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neuroanatomy is ______ |
the study of the anatomy of the nervous system |
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A neuron is ______ |
the principal part of the nervous system and consists of dendrites, an axon, a cell body, and a myelin sheath |
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Dendrites are ______ |
the receiving end of the neuron |
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Dendrites have ______ |
receptor sites |
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The soma is ______ |
the body of the cell |
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Axons are ______ |
the end of the neuron that releases neurotransmitters through terminal buttons |
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Neurotransmitters are ______ |
chemicals released from the axons of neurons which transmit messages to the dendrites of other neurons |
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A synapse is ______ |
the gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another |
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Receptor sites are ______ |
the receptors on dendrites where neurotransmitters that match fit |
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Action potential is ______ |
the charge that travels from one end of a neuron to the other during neural firing |
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The all-or-none principle is ______ |
a principle stating a neuron can only ever be firing or not firing. There is no in-between stage |
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Excitatory neurotransmitters are ______ |
chemicals that when received by a neuron's dendrites serve to excite it towards firing |
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Inhibitory neurotransmitters are ______ |
chemicals that when received by a neuron's dendrites serve to inhibit it from firing |
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Acetylcholine is ______ |
a neurotransmitter that is excitatory in the brain and autonomic nervous system and inhibitory elsewhere. It functions with muscle movement and cognitive functioning |
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Dopamine is ______ |
inhibitory or excitatory and is involved in movement control, pleasure and reward, and attention |
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Endorphins are _______ |
primarily inhibitory, except in the hippocampus, and serve to suppress pain, cause pleasurable feelings, and they work with appetite and cause the placebo effect |
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Serotonin is ______ |
inhibitory and works with things like sleeping, eating, mood, pain, and depression |
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Afferent (sensory) neurons are ______ |
neurons that take in external input |
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Efferent (motor) neurons are ______ |
neurons that help control muscle |
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The central nervous system is ______ |
the central neural network consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, which interestingly can do some primitive processing and commanding itself |
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The peripheral nervous system is ______ |
made up of long axons and dendrites. It contains everything but the CNS |
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The somatic nervous system is ______ |
the voluntary portion of the peripheral nervous system |
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The autonomic nervous system is ______ |
the automatic portion of the peripheral nervous system |
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The sympathetic nervous system is ______ |
the part of the nervous system that is involved in preparing the body for the fight-or-flight response |
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The parasympathetic nervous system is ______ |
the part of the nervous system responsible for calming the body down after it has gotten excited |
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Accidents are ______ |
events that can cause lesions and brain trauma among other injuries |
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An electroencephalogram (EEG) is ______ |
a type of brain scan that reads electrical signals in the brain |
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Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is ______ |
a type of x-ray that produces cross-sectional images |
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ______ |
a type of scan that bombards the body with magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image. It is most favored for discovering brain tumors |
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Positron Emission tomography (PET) is ______ |
a kind of scan that shows biochemical activity in the brain at a given moment |
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The hindbrain is ______ |
the "primitive" part of the brain containing structures such as the cerebellum (which helps with motor skills) and brain stem and involves basic motor function and sensory processing |
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The medulla is ______ |
part of the brain stem that governs breathing and reflexes
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The pons is ______ |
a part of the brain that controls sleep and arousal |
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The midbrain is ______ |
the informational transfer area for the brain and keeps the forebrain and hindbrain in contact |
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The reticular formation is ______ |
a structure in the brain consisting of the medulla and the pons and is made up of nerves that can immediately activate different parts of the brain to generate bodily arousal |
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The forebrain is ______ |
the most "advanced" part of the brain and is responsible for higher level thinking. It contains structures such as the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus |
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The thalamus is ______ |
the relay station of the brain and relays information to where it needs to go |
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The hypothalamus is ______ |
situated below the thalamus and controls basic body drives |
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The amygdala is ______ |
near the hippocampus and is a small structure that is in charge of the fear response |
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The hippocampus is ______ |
the structure that directs long-term memory to be stored as permanent memory, but it does not contain any memory of its own |
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The limbic system is ______ |
part of the forebrain that includes the amygdala and the hippocampus and is responsible for self-preservation, learning, and memory |
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The cerebral cortex is ______ |
the extensive, wrinkled outer layer of the forebrain and governs higher brain functions |
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The hemispheres of the brain are ______ |
the left hemisphere and right hemisphere, which control opposite sides of the body, and tend to demonstrate brain lateralization |
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Brain lateralization is ______ |
the tendency of one hemisphere of the brain to be more dominant at one process than the other |
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The corpus callosum is ______ |
the structure that connects the two brain hemispeheres |
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Lobes are ______ |
the new way of defining parts of the brain and are the four major sections of the cerebral cortex |
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The association area is ______ |
one of the major regions of the cerebral cortex; the site of the higher mental processes such as thought, language, memory, and speech |
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The parietal lobes are ______ |
responsible for somatosensory processing |
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The sensory cortex is ______ |
part of the brain responsible for sensory information and includes parts of the parietal lobes, occipital lobes, and temporal lobe |
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The occipital lobes are ______ |
responsible for sight |
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The temporal lobes are ______ |
the part of the brain that deals with hearing |
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Brain plasticity is ______ |
the ability of parts of the brain to adapt and take over functions that other parts would previously have managed |
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The endocrine system is ______ |
the hormonal system of the body that regulates it through hormones injected into the bloodstream |
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The adrenal glands are ______ |
part of the body that make epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as aldosterone and glucocorticoids |
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Monozygotic twins are ______ |
identical |
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Roger Sperry was ______ |
a neuroscientist who did split-brain research |
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Michael Gazzaniga is ______ |
a professor of psychology who also does split-brain research and is one of the leaders of cognitive neuroscience |
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Paul Broca was _______ |
known for his research on the Broca's area which was named after him |
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Carl Wernicke was ______ |
the person who researched the Wernicke's area and also worked with aphasia |
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Thomas Bouchard is ______ |
famous for having done twin research |