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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the skeleton subdivided into, and what each consists of?
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Axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and Appendicular skeleton (limbs, pelvic bones)
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What do bone markings indicate?
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1.Where bones form joints with other bones, muscles and tendons.
2.Where ligaments attach 3. Where blood vessels and nerves pass |
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What are two basic bone classes and what are their definitions?
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1. Compact bone (smooth & homogenous
2. Spongy/cancellous bone (has small trabeculae (bars) & lots of space |
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What are four major groups of bones?
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Long, short, flat and irregular bones
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Define flat bone
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thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone w/ spongy bone in between (ex. skull)
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Define irregular bone
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irregular shaped bones (ex. vertebrae)
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Define long bones
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longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (ex femur)
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define short bones
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cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (ex tarsals/carpals)
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List the structures of long bones (8)
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Epiphysis, Periosteum, Articular cartilage, Epiphyseal plate (epiphyseal line), Endosteum, Medullary cavity, Yellow bone marrow, Red bone marrow
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Define medullary cavity
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hollow central interior. Contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants
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Define yellow bone marrrow
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composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)
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Define red bone marrow
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consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. Used to produce blood cells.
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Define epiphysis
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end of bone (distal & proximal)
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Define periosteum
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covers the bone; SHARPEY'S FIBER from this penetrate the bone
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Define articular cartilage
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Covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum
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define Epiphyseal plate
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area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)
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define Endosteum
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lines the shaft
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Diaphysis diaphysis
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just know spelling. smooth part of bone
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Name 6 structures of compact bone
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Osteon (Haversian system), Haversian (central canal), Canaliculi/canaliculus, osteocytes,Lacunae, Perforating/ Volkmann's canals
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Define Osteon (Haversian system)
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central canal & all concentric lamallae with Haversian/central canal in center
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Haversian/center canal--define
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runs along length of bone; carries blood, lymph vessels & nerves
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Canaliculi/canaliculus
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tiny canals radiating outward from central canal (single canal = canaliculus)They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae
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define osteocytes
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mature bone cells found inside lacunae
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Lacunae- define
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small chambers that "house" the mature bone cells (oseocytes)
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Perforating/Volkmann's canals - define
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canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
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Name 6 cartilages that are located throughout the skeleton
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Articular, Costal, Laryngeal, Tracheal & bronchial, Nasal, and intervertebral discs
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define articular cartilage
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covers bone ends of movable joints
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define costal cartilage
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connecting ribs to sternum
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Define laryngeal cartilage
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construct the larynx
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define tracheal & bronchial cartilage
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reinforce passageways of respiratory system
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define Nasal cartilage
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supports nose
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Define intervertebral discs
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cushion bones of spine
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List and define 3 main types of cartilage
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1.Hyaline (found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages)
2.Elastic (found in lung, ear) 3. Fibrocartilage (found in articular (knee), pubic symphysis, intervertebral |
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Define tuberosity
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Large rounded projection; may be roughened
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Define crest
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Narrow ridge of the bone; usually prominent
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Define trochanter
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Very large; blunt; irregularly shaped process (only example is on the femur
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Line
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Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
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Tubercle
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Small rounded projection or process
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Epicondyle
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Raised area on or above a condyle
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Spine
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Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
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Process
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Prominence or projection
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Head
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Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
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Facet
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Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
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Condyle
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Rounded articular projection
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Ramus
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Armlike bar of bone
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Sinus
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Space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
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Meatus
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Canal-like passageway
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Fossa
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Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
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Groove
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Furrow
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Fissure
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Narrow, slitlike opening
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Forearm
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Round or oval opening through a bone
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