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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cervical Vertebrae (Number, names)
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-7 vertebrae
-atlas, axis, C3-C7 |
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Number of Thoracic vertebrae
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-12
- T1-T12 |
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Number of Lumbar Vertebrae
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-5
- L1-L5 |
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Sacrum
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-5 fused vertebrae
-below lumbar and above coccyx |
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Coccyx
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-4 fused vertebrae
-below sacrum |
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Vertebral Column Sections
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-Cervical (7)
-Thoracic (12) -Lumbar (5) -Sacrum (5 fused) -Coccyx (4 fused) |
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Where is the costal facet?
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-there are two costal facets on the body of the thoracic vertebrae
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What is the purpose of the costal facet?
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Articulation with the respective rib
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What attaches to the vertebral body and what is its purpose?
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-posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments
-stabilize intervertebral joints |
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What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major?
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-origin is on transverse process of L1-L5 (superficial section origin is lateral surfaces of T12-L4)
-joins other muscles and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur |
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Functions of Psoas major?
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-flexion/external rotation of hip joint
-bend trunk laterally -lift trunk from supine |
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What forms the vertebral canal and what is its function?
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-alignment of the vertebral foramen on consecutive vertebrae
-protection of the spinal cord |
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What forms the intervertebral foramen and what is its function?
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-the inferior notch of one vertebra and the superior notch of the following vertebra
-allow for the passage of spinal nerves and radicular vessels |
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What is the Ligamentum flava?
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Ligament that extends from lamina to lamina
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What ligaments attach the spinous processes together?
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Infra spinous and supra spinous
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Where is the costotubercular facet and what is its function?
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-lateral edge of the transverse process
-articulation with rib |
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What is the purpose of the articular facets?
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-the superior facet of one vertebra articulates with the inferior facet of the adjacent vertebra
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What are the transversospinalis and where are they/where do they attach?
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-deep to the erector spinae
-attach at trasverse process of one vertebra and pass to spinous process of more superior vertebra -rotate/extend vertebral column |
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Levator scapulae attachment and function
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-origin of dorsal edge of transverse process of C1-C4 and inserts on superior angle and adjacent medial border
-lift the scapula |
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extrinsic vs. intrinsic back muscles
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-extrinsic: superficial or intermediate that produce and control limb and respiratory movements
-intrinsic: deep muscles that act on the vertebral column, produce movement and maintain posture |
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Extrinsic back muscles(& attachments)
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-trapezius (spinous process)
-latissmus dorsi (spinous process) -levator scapulae (attached to C1-4 transverse processes) -rhomboid (spinous process) |
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Where are the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments?
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-interspinous=between spinous processes
-supraspinous=connects dorsal edge of spinous processes |
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What is the erector spinae and where does it attach?
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-group of muscles that lie in the groove on each side of the vertebral column between the spinous processes centrally and the angles of the ribs laterally
-chief extensor of the vertebral column |
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What is the spinalis?
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-the medial column of the erector spinae
-thus attached at the spinous processes |
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What is the nuchal ligament and where is it located?
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-connects spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
-acts as the supraspinous ligament for the cervical spine |
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What is the base of the sacrum and what is its function?
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-first body of S1 and the superior articular processes
-articulate with L5 |
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What attaches to the sacral promonotory
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-anterior longitudinal ligament
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What is a sacral ala?
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-L. wing
-flat, wing-like projections from the S1 vertebra |
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Piriformis attachment and function
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-origin on the portions of bone between foramen of S1-S4 and greater sciatic notch (pelvic bone)
-attaches to greater trochanter through tendon -lateral rotation and abduction of femur -important in walking because shifts weight to the opposite side of the foot being lifted |
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Where are the pelvic sacral foramina and what is their function?
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-anterior face of sacrum
-transmit ventral rami of sacral nerves and lateral sacral arteries |
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What muscles/ligaments attach to the dorsal surface of the sacrum
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-erector spinae
-gluteus maximus -sacrotuberous ligament -sacrospinous ligament |
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sacrospinous ligament vs. sacrotuberous ligament
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-both attach sacrum to pelvis
-sacrotub=posterior sacrum to tuberosity of the ischium -sacropin=deep to sacrotub, posterior sacrum to ischial spine |
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Where are the dorsal sacral foramina and what is their function?
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-posterior side of sacrum
-transmit dorsal rami of sacral nerves |
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What is the function of the sacral apex?
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articulate with the coccyx
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What is the function of the sacral canal?
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house the sacral spinal roots
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What muscle attaches to the coccyx?
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-coccygeus muscle (attached to spine of the ischium)
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What attaches to the iliac crest?
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-iliacus
-latissimus dorsi -tensor fasciae latae |
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iliacus attachment and function
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-attach at iliac crest and joins psoas major at lesser trochanter of femur
-flexing femur forward or lifting trunk from supine |
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latissmus dorsi attachment and function
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-iliac crest
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tensor fasciae latae attachment and function
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-attachment at iliac crest
-inserted between layers of iliotibial band -helps brace knee and muscles of thigh -attaches at lateral condyle of tibia |
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Anterior superior iliac spine location and attachments
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-adjacent to crest but anterior to it
-inguinal ligament -sartorius -tensor fascia latae muscle |
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inguinal ligament
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-runs from pubic tubercule to anterior superior iliac spine
-contains soft tissue as they run from abdomen to lower extremities |
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sartorius
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-attached at superior anterior iliac spine and runs obliquely across thigh, crossing distal end of femur medially, ending in a tendon connected to tibia
-"tailors muscle" b/c of crossing legs or inseam measure -hip flex, abd/add, lateral rotation and knee flex |
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Anterior inferior iliac spine location and attachments
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-inferior to superior iliac spine
-rectus femoris -iliofemoral ligament |
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What attaches to the posterior superior iliac spine?
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-gluteus maximus
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Function of the greater sciatic notch (general)?
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-transmits muscles, blood vessels, and nerves to gluteal region/lower extremities
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Which muscles are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?
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-piriformis
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Which blood vessels are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?
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-superior/inferior gluteal arteries and veins
-internal pudendal art/veins |
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Which nerves are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?
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-sciatic
-pudendal -superior/inferior gluteal |
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Which muscles attach the gluteal surface of the ilium?
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-gluteus maximas
-gluteus medius -gluteus minimis |
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What attaches to the iliac fossa?
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iliacus
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What is the function of the articular surface of the ilium?
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articulate with the sacrum
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What attaches to the iliac tuberosity?
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-ligaments that attach ilium and sacram:
-dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligament -quadratus lumborum muscle |
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What attaches to the pubic crest?
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-rectus abdominis muscle
-adductor longus muscle |
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What attaches to the pubic tubercule?
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-inguinal ligament
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What attaches to the superior pubic ramus?
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-pectineus muscle
-obturator internus and externus muscles -pubofemoral ligament |
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What attaches to the pectin pubis?
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-conjoined tendon (connects with ab obliques and supports inguinal area)
-lacunar and pectineal ligaments |
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What is the function of the obturator groove?
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-transmit the obturator nerve and blood vessels
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What attaches to the iliopubic eminence?
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-pubofemoral ligament
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What is the rectus abdominis?
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-abdominal muscles
-separated by connective tissues -run from pubis to xiphoid process |
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What attaches to the external surface of the inferior pubis ramus?
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-gracilis
-adductor brevis -obturator externus |
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Adductor muscles of the hip & general origin/insertion & associated nerve
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-adductor longus
-adductor brevis -adductor magnus/minimus -pectineous -gracilis -obturator externus -origin at hip, intsertion on femur or tibia -obturator nerve |
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What is attached to the interior surface of the pubic ramus?
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-obturator internus muscle
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Function/location of the lesser sciatic notch?
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-posterior superior area of ischium; inferior to ischial spine
-transmits obturator internus tendon -transmits pudendal nerve -transmits internal pudendal blood vessels |
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What attaches to the ischial spine?
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-sacrospinous ligament
-superior gemellus muscle |
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What attaches to the anterior surface of the ischial ramus?
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-obturator externus muscle
-adductor magnus muscle |
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What attaches to the posterior surface of the ischial ramus?
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-obturator internus muscle
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What attaches to the tuberosity of the ischium?
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-sacrotuberous ligament
-gemellus inferior -adductor magnus (hip adductor) -semimembranous and semitendinosus muscles -biceps femoris and quadratus femoris |
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What is the function of the obturator foramen?
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-transmit the obturator nerve and blood vessels
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Obturator foramen attachments
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-obturator internus and externus muscles
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Acetabulum attachments
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-rectus femoris muscle
-fibrous joint capsule -ischiofemoral ligament |
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Function of the lunate surface of the acetabulum
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-articulation with the head of the femus
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Attachments to notch of the acetabulum
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-ligament of head of the femur (teres)
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