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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sagittal plane
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vertical plane that splits body into L & R
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frontal plane
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vertical plane that splits body into front & back
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transverse plane
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horizontal plane that splits body into superior and inferior parts
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oblique section
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cut made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes
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occipital
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back of head
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sural
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calf
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crural
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leg
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olecranal
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back of elbow
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coxal
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hip
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otic
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ear
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cephalic
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head
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cervical
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neck
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thoracic
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chest
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manus
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hand
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dorsal
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back
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sternal
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middle of chest (sternum)
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axillary
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armpit
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mammary
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pectorals
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mental
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chin
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inguinal
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groin
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acromial
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shoulder
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antebrachial
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forearm
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carpal
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wrist
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pollex
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place between wrist & thumb
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metacarpal
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back of hand
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palmar
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palm
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digital
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finger
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femoral
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thigh
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patellar
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knee
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popliteal
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back of knee
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fibular or peroneal
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outside of calf
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pedal
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foot
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tarsal
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ankle
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metatarsal
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top of foot
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calcaneal
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heel
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plantar
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bottom of foot
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hallux
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big toe
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scapular
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large portion of back including shoulder blades
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lumbar
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mid lower back
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sacral
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just above butt in mid back
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gluteal
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butt
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perineal
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between anus & external genitalia
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receptor
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sensor that monitors the environment and responds to stimuli by sending info to the control center
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control center
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analyzes info received & determines appropriate response or course of action based on the set point which is the level at which a variable should be maintained
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effector
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receives the control center's response (output) & feeds back the response to influence the effect of the stimulus
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negative feedback
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a loop that reduces or stops the effect of a stimulus
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positive feedback
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a loop that increases the effect of a stimulus until it is no longer needed
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necessary life functions
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digestion, responsiveness, reproduction, excretion, movement, metabolism, maintenance of boundaries, & growth
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organ systems
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Urinary, Reproductive, Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine, Muscular, Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Skeletal
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principle of complementarity of structure and function
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the structure of a part determines what it will be able to do (its function)
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Basic types of tissue
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epithelium, muscular, connective & nervous
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mediastinum
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the cavity which houses the pericardial cavity
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pericardial cavity
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houses the heart
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serous (serosa) membrane
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thin, double-layered membrane that covers the outer surfaces of the organs
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parietal serosa
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lines body cavities
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visceral serosa
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covers organs
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Upper Right 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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Right hypochondriac region
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Upper center 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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epigastric region
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Upper left 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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left hypochondriac region
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middle right 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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right lumbar region
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middle center 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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umbilical region
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middle left 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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left lumbar region
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lower right 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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right iliac or inguinal region
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lower center 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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hypogastric region
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lower left 9th of abdominopelvic cavity
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left iliac or inguinal region
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synovial cavities
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joint cavities
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MRI
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produces images of our soft tissues
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PET
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excels in observing the metabolic process
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CT
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refined version of Xray that clarifies confusion caused before by overlapping structures
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metabolism
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all chemical reactions occurring in the body
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order of structural organization
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chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
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chemical energy
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energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances
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electrical energy
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energy that results from the movement of charged particles
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mechanical energy
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energy directly involved in moving matter
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radiant/electromagnetic energy
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energy that travels in waves`
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radioisotopes
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radioactive atoms (of an element)
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mixtures
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substances with 2+ components physically intermixed
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solutions
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homogenous mixtures of components
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solvent
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the dissolving medium
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solute
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substance present in smaller amounts
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colloid
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heterogenous mixtures; nonuniform mixtures but the solute does not settle out
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suspension
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heterogenous mixtures in which the solute particles are very large and they do settle out
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ionic bond
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a bond formed when atoms transfer electrons from one to another
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covalent bond
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a bond formed when atoms share electrons
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dipole
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a molecule that is electrically unbalanced & thus non symmetrical
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anabolic
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constructive activities
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cations
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electrically charged particles that have lost an electron
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anions
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electrically charged particles that have gained an electron
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oxidized
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electron donors
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reduced
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electron acceptors
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exergonic rxns
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rxns that release energy
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endergonic rxns
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rxns that absorb energy
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alkaline
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more basic
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neutralization rxn
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when an acid & a base react to give off water as a product & salt as the other product
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types of carbohydrates
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monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides (sugars)
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types of lipids
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triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids (including cholesterol), eicosanoids (including prostaglandins)
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types of proteins
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amino acids, peptide bonds, fibrous & globular
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functions of proteins
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structural framework, mechanical support, movement, catalysis, transport, regulation of pH & metabolism, body defense & protein management
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components of a nucleotide
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N-containing base, pentose sugar, & phosphate group
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characterize weak acids
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ionize incompletely in water, act as part of a buffer system, ionize at high pH
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characterize strong acids
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ionize completely in water, always act to change pH in water, ionize at any pH
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CH2O
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carbohydrate
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building block of carbohydrates
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monosaccarides
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building blocks of lipids
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fatty acids & glycerol
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building blocks of proteins
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amino acids
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Contains C, H, O, N and sometimes P & S
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proteins
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contains C H & O, but less O than a 1:2:1 ratio
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lipids
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name 4 types of lipids
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phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids & eicosanoids
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building blocks of nucleic acids
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nucleotides
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what does adenine pair with
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thymine & uracil
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the universal currency of living cells
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ATP
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section of DNA & its 8 histone proteins
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nucleosome
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what lines the digestive tract
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simple columnar epithelial tissue
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what lines the interior of blood vessels
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simple squamous epithelial tissue
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which type of tissue is in bone marrow, the spleen & lymph nodes
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reticular connective tissue
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what lines the urinary bladder
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transitional epithelial tissue
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what type of tissue are goblet cells
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simple columnar epithelial
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