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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
epithelial tissues
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little to no intercellular material, classification based on number of cell layers, shapes of the surface cellular, avascular, basement membrane
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simple epithelium
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single layer of cells supported by basement membrane, specialized for absorption or filtration, located in areas of minimal wear and tear
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simple squamous
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flattened, scale-like, fitted together to form a mosaic
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mesothelium
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simple squamous epithelium when it covers viscera
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endothelium
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simple squamous epithelium when it forms and capillary walls,lines blood and lymph vessels, and lines the heart
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simple cuboidal
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cubed shaped, from surface view, cells look like polygons with more than four sides, ovary covering and ducts in thyroid and salivary glands
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simple columnar
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long cylindrical cells like rectangles on ends, without cilia or modified (microvilli into goblet cells) or with cilia
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stratified epithelium
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stacked, top layer at free surface, bottom layer at basement membrane, top layer produced by mitotic divisions of bottom layers, areas of much wear and tear
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stratified squamous
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superficial cells are flat, deeper ones cuboidal to columnar, nonkeratinized line wet areas, keratinized forms outer dead, dry, layer of skin
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keratin
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tough water resistant protein contained in dead cells
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stratified cuboidal
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rare, ducts of adult sweat glands
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stratified columnar
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superficial cells are columnar, basal layer of irregualr (polyhedral) cells, male urethra, milk ducts
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transitional
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superficial cells are large and rounded, but can be stretched into squamous-like situation, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
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glandular epithelium
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secretion of chemicals
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exocrine glands
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secrete products into ducts that open at sin surface or into organ's lumen, oils sweat, enzymes
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unicellular
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goblet cells whihc produce mucus
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multicellular
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tubular, acinar, tubuloacinar
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holocrine
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cell dies and secretion is discharged, sebaceous glands
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merocrine
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no part of cell is lost, secretion produced, pancreas, salivary glands,
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apocrine
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tips of cells are pinched off along with the secretion, milk glands
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endocrine glands
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ductless, secrete hormones into tissue spaces where they enter blood vessels, thyroid, adrenal gland, placenta
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integumentary system
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skin, epidermis,dermis, subcutaneous layer, hypodermis, hair glands, nails
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skin
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largest organ of body, cover and protection, control of body temperature, stimuli from environment, small amounts of nitrogenous wastes, vit D production, surface is dead
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epidermis
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outer thinner production of stratified squamous epithelium
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stratum basale
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single layer of columnar cells, site of mitosis, aka stratum germinativum
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stratum spinosum
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spiny appearance due to desmosomes, 8-10 rows of polyhedrals, Langerhans cells-initiate immune response
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stratum granulosum
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2 to 3 layers of flattened cells, contain granules of keratohyalin gives rise to eleidin, nuclei begin to degenerate, upper cells are dead
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stratum lucidum
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3-5 layers of clear flat dead cells, dead cells contains mostly eleidin which transforms to keratin, areas of thick skin, palms and soles, absent in hairy skin
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stratum corneum
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25-30 layers of flat, dead cells, cells contain keratin, cornified or horny, continuously shed and replaced from beneath
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keratin
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water resistant protein, friction callus may form, resists bacterial invasion
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pigment
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melanin, melanoblasts, melanocytes
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carotene
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yellow pigment abundant in epidermal cells of people of Asian decent, in s. corneum & fatty areas of dermis
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papillary region
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vascualr, dermal papillae increase surface area cause ridges, respoinsible for fingerprints
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reticular regions
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contains fibers, vessels, adipocytes glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles, attached to orgns by subcutaneous layer(NOT PART OF INTEGUMENT)
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sebaceous glands
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acinar, develop in empty hair follicles, secreting portion in dermis, some associated with hairless regions, large in breasts, face, neck upper chest, back and nipples, secrete sebum
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sudoriferous
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sweat glands,located on mot of the body except nail beds of digits,margins of lips, eardrums, labia minora, and glans penis/clitoris
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eccrine sweat
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tubular, merocrine, secrete by dermis, open to free surface, many on palms and soles, ceruminous gland in ears
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apocrine sweat
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tubular extend into sub-q, associated with hair follicles, located in axillae, perineal region, around nipples, merocrine with viscous secretion in response to stress or sexual stimulation, degraded by bacteria to cause odors
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hair
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most of body, protect from UV rays, important in touch, ornamental
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hair follicles
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bulb w/ indentation, matrix, germial area, hair root of cuticle, cortex and medulla, shaft, superficial portion, arrector pili muscles
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nails
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highly modified keratinized epidermal cells, protects end of digits, picking things up, scratching
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parts of nail
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free edge, nail body, nail root, lunula, hyponychium, eponychium, nail bed of s. basale, nail matrix, curved longitudinally and transversely
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free edge
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portion of nail that is cut
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nail body
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visible part of nail
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nail root
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hidden part of nail in nail groove
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lunula
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moon shaped opaque region of nail
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hyponychium
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stratum corneum below free edge
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eponychium
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cuticle, stratum corneum at proximal border of nail
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nail matrix
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thick s. basale, site of mitosis
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