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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
osseus tissue refers to
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bone only
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if a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect
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a rise in blood calcium concentration
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hemopoiesis typically occurs in
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red bone marrow
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the most serious effect of severe hypoclcaemia is likely to be
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laryngospasm and suffocation
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calcium homeostasis in adults is maintained mainly by
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parathyroid hormone
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osteoblasts deposit more bone matrix in response to all of the following factors except
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parathyroid hormone
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a farmer's finger is pulled completely off his hand by a piece of farm machinery
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an avulsion
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All of the following are part of the bone matrix except
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hydroxyapatite
(collage, chondroitin sulfate, glycoproteins, proteoglycans) |
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most bones develop from
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hyaline cartilage
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the cells primarily responsible for the breakdown of bone are
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osteoclasts
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the protein fibers of the bone matrix are composed of
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collagen
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appostitional growth of a long bone has the effect of
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increasing the diameter of the bone
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bones found in the forearm are (type)
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long bones
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osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon transport their wastes to the bloodstream for removal via
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canaliculi
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the ____ forms by endochondral ossification
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humerus
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formation of ___ is a stage of intramembranous ossification
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a primary ossification center
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in the development of the skeleton, what typically happens at the age of 18-21
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the epiphyseal plate closes
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when bone is being resorbed, acid phosphate dissolves its
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collagen
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hypocalcaemia can result from any of the following except
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excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone
(lactation, Vit D deficit, severe diarrhea, excessive secretion of calcitonin) |
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one thing the calcitrol does that parathyroid hormone does not is
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stimulate the small intestine to absorb more phosphate
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a soft callous forms during
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the healing of a fracture
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the skeletal system performs all of the following functions except
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regulation of body temp
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hydroxapatite is best described as
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calcium phosphate crystals in the bone matrix
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a canaliculus of compact bone contains
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a process of osteocytes
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based on shape, parietal bones are classified as
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flat
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bones that serve as levers are moved by skeletal muscle to provide movement are termed
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long bones
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the cavity of the diaphysis of long bones is called the __ cavity and commonly contains __ morrow
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medullary, red
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the periosteum is a connective tissue sheath which lines the __ of bones and fuses with bones by way of __ fibers
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outer surface, perforating
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fat is stored in the
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medullary cavity of long bones
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which one of the bone cells is most closely related to white blood cells
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osteoclasts
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hydroxyapatite refers to the crystals of bone which is made up primarily of
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calcium phosphate
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which of the following is found in compact bone but not in spongy bone
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central canals
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not all compact bone is organized around a central canal. Lamellae found in the inner and outer boundaries of dense bone run parallel to the bone surface, these lamellae are called
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circumferential
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as bone grows in the child only two areas of cartilage are left at each epiphysis. these two areas are:
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articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
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at the epiphyseal plate, in the zone of calcification
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chondroblasts deposit more cartilage to increase the size of the epiphyseal plate
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in the zone of deposition,___ cells rapidly invade the calcified matrix and lay down bone. then ___cells erode the spongy bone to form the marrow cavity
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osteoblasts, osteoclasts
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the growth of the epiphyseal plate addds to the length of bone is called ___growth
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interstitial
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in order for mineralization to begin, two steps must occur:
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the solubility product must be reached and the inhibitors are neutralized
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if the pH of blood drops below 7.35, your body is said to be in a state of acidosis. to counteract this acidosis, you would expect your kidneys to excrete more hydrogen ions, your breathing rate to increase to blow off more CO2, and your bone to
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increase the activity of osteoclasts
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an individual has the following symptoms: increased excitability of the NS and increased muscle spasms particularly in the hands and feet:
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hypocalcaemia
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parathyroind hormone helps to convert
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calcitriol to vitamin D3
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osteoclasts are stimulated, CA is resorbed by the kidneys, calcitriol is formed and osteoblasts are inhibited from forming collagen. the best explanation for these activities is
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low blood calcium and increased production of PTH
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the use of anabolic steroids by adolescent boys will
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decrease the growth of bone by prematurely closing the epiphyseal plate
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a fracture at the distal end of the ulna is called
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colles
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a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called
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comminuted
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a loss of bone mass, especially spongy bone, is usually a lack of exercise or deficiency of estrogen after menopause. this is called
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osteoporosis
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nodding your head yes represents movement of which type of joint
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elipsoid
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all of the following are paranasal sinuses except
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temporal
(sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, frontal) |
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the internal and external acoustic meatuses are openings in (bone)
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temporal
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the sphenoid bone has all of the following features except
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infraorbital foramen
(foramen ovale, an optic foramen, a foramen spinosum, a pterygoid canal) |
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which skull bone is paired
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parietal
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the lambdoid suture separates the parietal bones from
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the occipital bone
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the styloid process, mastoid process, and zygomatic process are parts of
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temporal bone
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the __bone of the skull articulates with the vertebral column
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occipital
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all of the following are facial bones except__, which is a cranial bone
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ethmoid bone
(palatine, lacrimal, vomer, maxilla) |
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the fetal skull has the following fontanels
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anterior posterior sphenoid mastoid occipital
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there are __thoracic vertebrae and pairs of ribs
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12
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the axis is the only vertebra with
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a dens
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which of the following is in the antebrachium?
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ulna
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the glenoid cavity is a point of articulation between
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the scapula and humerus
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the cranial bones have a middle layer of spongy bone called
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diploe
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which part of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
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mental protuberance
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the ___of a vertebra bears the most weight
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transverse process
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costal facets are found only on
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thoracic vertebra
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two bones have auricular (ear) surfaces. namely the
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right and left temporal bone
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each clavicle articulates with
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the manubrium and scapula
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a costal cartilage connects each __to the __.
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rib, sternum
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the ___is fractured more often than any other bone?
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radius
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strictly speaking, the arm refers only to the
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brachium
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a styloid process is found on all of the following except
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femur
(radius, ulna, temporal,fibula) |
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which of the following is not in the same class as the others
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cuneiform
(trapezoid, lunate, pisiform) |
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which of the following is not found in the skull
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obturator foramen (deep hip)
(foramen spinosum and magnum, mastoid and mental foramen) |
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a rounded knob that articulates with another bone is called a
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condyle
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a shallow, broad, or elongated basin in bone is called
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fossa
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a small rounded process is called a __while a massive process is called a___
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epicondyle, condyle
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which of the sinuses listed below does not communicate with the sinus cavity
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mastoid
(frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid) |
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the suture that separates the two parietal bones is called the
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sagittal suture
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the smooth area of the frontal bone just above the nasal bones is called the
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glabella
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the suture that separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone is the __suture, while the suture between the parietal and temporal bones is the __suture
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lambdoid, squamous
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the large irregular opening just medial to the styloid process of the temporal bone if the
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external acoustic foramen
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which of the foramens listed below is not found in the sphenoid
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mental foramen
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which of the features listed is not found in the ethmoid bone
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inferior nasal conchae
(crista galli, middle and superior nasal conchae, perpendicular plane) |
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this bone, blade of a plow), forms the inferior part of the nasal septum
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vomer
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the mandibular condyle articulate with the
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mandibular fossae of the temporal bone
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an abnormal lateral spinal curvature, which is more common in adolescent girls, is called
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scoliosis
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the region of the vertebral column, which has the most number of fuses or unfused vertebrae is the
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thoracic
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this vertebra has the following characteristics: body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse process, and transverse foramen
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cervical
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in a herniated, ruptured, or slipped disc this area of fibrocartilage called the __cracks and the __oozes out and may put painful pressure on the spinal chord
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annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus
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the head of most ribs articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra at the
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superior and inferior costal facets
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ribs 8-10 attatch to the costal cartilage of rib 7, 8-10 are called
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false ribs
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the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the __while the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the __.
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radius, ulna
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the funny bone refers to the
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olecranon process
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how many phalanges are in each hand and foot
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14
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the tibia is one of the major weight-bearing bones of the leg and articulates inferiorily with this weigh bearing bone called the
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talus
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unlike other joints, a __does not join two bones together
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gomphosis
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which movement is limited to the foot
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dorsiflextion
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which of these is a first class lever
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atlanto-occipital joint
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which of the bursae are not associated with the shoulder joint
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olecranon bursa (elbow)
(subdeltoid, subacromial, subscapular) |
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which of these are a gliding joint
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patellofemoral joint
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the humerus is held in the glenoid cavity more securely by the __than by any other structure
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transverse humeral ligament
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if two bones are joined so firmly that they cannot move the form a
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symphysis
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the hyaline costal cartilage that attaches rib to sternum forms a
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synarthrosis
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the cartilage pad called a meniscus is found in the knee and the __joint
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temporomandibular
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which of the following joints in multiaxial
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condyloid joint
(coxal, saddle, hings, proximal radioulnar) |
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to raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of the person standing in front of you involves __of the shoulder
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flexion
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to be sitting on a sofa and raise your arm to rest it on the back of the sofa involves __at the shoulder joint
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abduction
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if you stand on tiptoes to reach something, you are ___at the ankle joint
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plantar flexion
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a fibrous joint cannot also be
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diarthosis
(gomphosis, amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, suture) |
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cup you hands to hold water requires
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abduction of the fingers
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a metacarpophalangeal joint is
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hinge joint
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#59
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MA=L effort/L distal
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which of the following is true of a first class lever joints
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MA >1
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radius and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side to side movements of the __joint
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elbow
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the patella and femur form a __joint
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gliding
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a tendon sheath is a modified
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bursa
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a torn tendon or ligament is the cause of
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sprian
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a joint such as the knee or elbow, which is freely moveable is termed
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diarthrosis
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a structurally classified joint which has no synovial cavity and is held together by ligaments
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fibrous
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the functional and structural classifications that best describe the tibiofibular joint are:
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synarthrosis, synovial joint
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the suture between the temporal bone and parietal bone and sphenoid bone is called
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lap
(serrate, plane, jagged, butt) |
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the pubic symphysis is made of
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fibrocartilage
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synovial fluid is rich in __and __, which gives it a viscous, slippery texture similar to egg white before it is heated into a gel
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albumin, hyaluronic acid
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the articular cartilage found in synovial joint is
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hyaline cartilage
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the meniscus is composed of
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fibrocartilage
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the elbow is which kind of joint
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hinge
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if you are moving your head from side to side to say 'no' you are using a __joint
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pivot
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which of the following is the weakest joint
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gliding
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the movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion is
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circumduction
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the movement of the foot where the soles are turned medially is
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inversion
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which lever type is the most common in the human body
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second
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the coxal, or hip joint, contains a ring of fibrocartilage called the
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acetabular labrum
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the achilles heel is the
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calcaneal tendon
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the crunching or crackling sounds in aging joints are caused by
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bone grinding against bone
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what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate
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synchondrosis
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which of the following joints allows for the most movement
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pivot
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the joint between a tooth and an alveolar socket is called
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gomphosis
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skeletal system has 4 components
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bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
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functions of the skeletal system
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support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
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body
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main part
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head
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enlarged (often rounded) end
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neck
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constriction between head and body
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margin or border
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edge
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angle
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bend
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ramus
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branch off the body after the angle
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condyle
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smooth, rounded articular surface
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facet
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small, flattened articular surface
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line or linea
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low ridge
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crest or crista
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prominent ridge
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spine
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very high ridge
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process
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prominent projection
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tubercle
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small, rounded bump
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tuberosity or tuber
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knob, larger than a tubercle
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trochanter
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tuberosities on the proximal femur
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epicondyle
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upon a condyle
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foramen
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hole
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canal or meatus
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tunnel
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fissure
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cleft
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sinus or labrynth
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cavity
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fossa
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general term for a depression
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notch
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depression in the margin of a bone
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groove or sulcus
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deeper, narrow depression
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classification of joints
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based on function, connective tissue, and fluid or not
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classification of joints
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fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial
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fibrous joints
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bones are connected by fibrous tissue with no joint cavity capable of little or no movement
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cartilaginous joints
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synchondroses, symphases
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synchrondroses
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joints which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate)
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symphyses
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slightly moveable fibrocartliage joints
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synovial
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capable of considerable movement
plane/pivot/hinge/ball and socket ellipsoid/ saddle |
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syndesmosis
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fibrous joint in which the bones are farther apart than in a suture, some movement aka radioulnar
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