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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
region and action of pronator teres
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o: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process
i: middle lateral side of radius a: pronation |
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region and action of pronator quadrates
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o: lower 1/4 of ulna
i: lower 1/4 of radius deepest muscle of distal forearm a: pronation |
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region and action of Brachioradialis
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o: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
i: styloid process of radius a: elbow flexion, assists in suppination |
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region and action of the brachialis
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o: lower 1/3 of anterior part of humerus
i: coronoid process a: elbow flexion |
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region and action of Biceps Brachii
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2 origins:
longhead: glenoid fossa short head: coracoid process i: radial tuberosity a: elbow and shoulder flexion, supination |
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region of supinator and common injury
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o: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal end of ulna
i: upper lateral 1/3 of radius tennis elbow |
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region and action of aconeus
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very small forearm muscle
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus i: olecranon process stabilize elbow joint, elbow extension, synergist to triceps |
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region and action of triceps brachii
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origin (3):
longhead: inferior glenoid * lateral head: upper lateral, posterior 1/2 of humerus medial head: lower 2/3 of medial posterior humerus i: olecranon process elbow and shoulder extension* |
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little league (golfer's) elbow
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aka medial epicondylitis
wrist flexion, similar to tennis elbow |
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tennis elbow
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aka lateral epicondylitis (humerus)
caused by overuse/repetitve strain from repeated wrist extension. small tears develope in the tendon, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone |
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levator costarum
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increases thoracic cavity through rib elevation.
r: in between ribs |
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diaphragm
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dome shaped at the level of the xiphoid process and last 7 ribs
a: contracts downward to enlarge thoracic cavity during respiration |
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primary respiration muscles
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diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals
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quadrates lumborum
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lower trunk extensor (posterior side)
o: posterior part of iliac crest i: 12th rib, transverse process of L1-L4 a: lateral flexion to the same side, extension (hyper) |
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transverse abdominis
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deepest of all abdominal muscles
compresses organs and keeps everything in place. o: inguinal ligament, iliac crest i: linea alba (fibrous connective tissue that comes down) |
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Rectus abdominis
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(six packs) four bellies seperated by tendonous band
o: pubic symphysis i: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process a: flexion of the trunk (sit ups) |
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internal obliques
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o: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
i: pubic bone, 7th-9th ribs a: lateral flexion to the same side, trunk flexion, rotation to the same side |
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external obliques
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most superficial abdominal muscle
downward medial fibers o: lower 8 ribs i: iliac crest, linea alba a: lateral flexion (to the same side), trunk flexion, rotation to the opposite side |
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semispinalis-capitalis, cervicis, thoracis
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(hyper)extension, rotation to the opposite side
deep spinal muscle |
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serratus posterior inferior
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increase thoracic cavity
rib depression r: lower ribs |
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subcostals
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decrease thoracic cavity
rib depression inner surface of the ribs |
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transverse thoracis
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decrease thoracic cavity
rib depression inner surface of costal cartilage |
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erector spinea group
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spinalis capitus, thoracis, cervicis
longissimus capitus, thoracis, cervicis illiocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum |
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longus colli group
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deep muscle of spine
anterior cervical region a: cervical spine flexion |
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interspinalis
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deep spinal muscle
spinous process to spinous process a: extension (hyper) |
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intertransversarii
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deep spinal muscle
r: transverse process to transverse process a: lateral flexion |
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muscles that decrease thoracic cavity
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SIiTt
subcostales internal intercostals transverse thoracis |
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muscles that increase the thoracic cavity
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diaphragm
external intercostals levator costarum scalenus group serratus posterior superior serratus posterior inferor |
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internal intercostals
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attach between each rib
decrease cavity and aids in forced expiration |
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scalenus group
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increase thoracic cavity
rib 1 elevation, cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation r: transverse process to rib 1 |
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serratus posterior superior
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increase thoracic cavity
rib elevation r: upper ribs |
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external intercostals and fiber direction
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attach between each rib
rib elevation to enlarge cavity during respiration *down ward and medial fibers |
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serratus anterior
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anterior scapular muscle
"boxer's muscle" o: ribs 1-9 i: anterior vertebral border of the scapula a: protraction, upward rotation |
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protraction
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shoulders come toward each other in front
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retraction
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shoulder blades come together in the back
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posterior scapular muscles
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levator scapulae
rhomboids (minor and major) trapezius |
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muscle properties (eeect)
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extensibility: ability to stretch
elasticity: ability to return to resting length excitability: ability to react to stimulii contractibility: shorten/contract tonicity: ability to gain tone. (hardness/softness) |
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anterior shoulder cap muscles
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coracobrachialis
pectoralis major subscapularis |
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coracobrachialis
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anterior shoulder cap muscle
o: coracoid process i: midway down the humerus (anteriomedial surface) a: flexion, adduction |
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pectoralis major
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anterior shoulder cap muscle
o: clavicle, sternum i: lateral lip of intertuburcular groove a: adduction, internal rotation, flexion, horizontal adduction |
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subscapularis
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*rotator cuff muscle
anterior shoulder cap o: subscapular fossa i: lesser tuberosity of humerus a: internal rotation, stabilization |
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posterior shoulder cap muscles
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teres major
latissimus dorsi infraspinatus teres minor |
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teres major
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posterior shoulder cap muscles
o: posterior lower 1/3 of axillary border of scapula i: medial lip of intertubercular groove a: internal rotation, adduction, (hyper)extension |
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latissimus dorsi
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posterior shoulder cap muscle
o: T7-L5, illiac crest i: intertubercular groove (humerus) a: adduction, internal rotation, (hyper)extension |
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infraspinatus
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rotator cuff muscle
posterior shoulder cap o: infraspinous fossa i: greater tuberosity a: external rotation, horizantal abduction, stabilization |
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teres minor
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rotator cuff muscle
posterior shoulder cap o: upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula i: greater tuberosity a: external rotation, stabilization |
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rotator cuff muscles
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supraspinatus (superior)
infraspinatus (posterior) teres minor (posterior) subscapularis |
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anterior scapular muscles
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subclavius
pectoralis minor serratus anterior (boxer's muscle) |
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scapular movements possible
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elevation, depression, retraction (adduction), protraction (abduction), downward rotation, upward rotation
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rhomboids (minor & major)
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posterior scapular muscles
o: c7-t5 i: vertebral border of the scapula a: retraction, downward rotation, elevation |
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levator scapulae
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posterior scapular muscle
o: cervical vertebrae 1-4 i: vertebral border of scapula a: elevation, assists in retraction and downward rotation |
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properties of tendons
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extensibility and elasticity
(cannot contract) |
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isotonic
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concentric: muscle is shortening
muscle torque is greater than the resistance eccentric: muscle is lengthening torque of muscle is less than the resistance |
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isometric
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static: torque of muscle equals the resistance.
muscle is contracted but not moving |
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muscle fiber layers
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1. epimysium (outside)
2. perimysium 3. endomysium (encases each individual muscle fiber) |
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sarcomere
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functional unit of skeletal muscle
made up of actin and myosin |
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z line
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z line to z line is 1 sarcomere
(dark lines) |
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a band
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both proteins overlap eachother (myosin and actin)
dark area |
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i band
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actin (thinner protein)
light area |
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H zone
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gap in the a band
(visible only when the muscle is relaxed) |
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early anatomist classification of muscles
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skeletal muscles
visceral cardiac |
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histology classification (under a microscope)
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striated (light and dark)
smooth branched striated |
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nerve control classification
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voluntary
involuntary involuntary |
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skeletal muscle
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striated, voluntary
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visceral
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smooth, involuntary (stomach, intestine)
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cardiac
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branched striated, involuntary
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myosin and how it interacts with actin
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thicker protein, has crossbridges that attach to the actin during muscle action to help with the contraction process
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sliding filament theory
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sliding of actin past myosin generates muscle tension
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fiber types description and use
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slow oxidative: slow twitch, high resistance to fatigue *marathon
fast oxidative glycolitic: fast twitch, intermediate resistance to fatigue (not completely anaerobic) *short high intensity events like 400 m fast glycolitic: very fast, low resistance to fatigue *quick explosive movements like 50 yd dash |
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fusiform muscle
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runs parallel, longitudinally
best known for speed of contraction and range of motion *biceps brachii |
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pennate
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come off a central tendon (uni, bi...) looks like a feather
amplifies force flat muscle to a central tendon, better stability, less flexibility *deltoids |
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quadrate/ triangular
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four distinct sides/ three distinct sides
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muscles create movement by...
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pulling. muscles cannot push
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hypertrophy/atrophy
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increase muscle cell size/decrease muscle cell size
(cannot make more muscle cells |
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blood supply to muscles
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sedentary person: 3-4 capillaries
trained athlete: 5-7 capillaries 100x more blood exercising than resting |
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tendon/ ligament
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muscle to bone/ bone to bone
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how muscles are named
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shape, size, action, location, attachments, directions of fibers, number of divisions within the muscle
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subclavius
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anterior scapular muscle
o: 1st rib i: inferior middle surface of the clavicle a: depresses clavicle, stabilizes shoulder girdle |
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pectoralis minor
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anterior scapular muscle
o: ribs 3-5 i: coracoid a: depression, downward rotation, protraction |
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supraspinatus
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superior rotator cuff muscle
o: supraspinous fossa i: greater tuberosity of the humerus a: abduction, stabilization |
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biceps brachii
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biarticular
o: longhead: supraglenoid tubercle shorthead: coracoid process i: radial tuberosity a: elbow and shoulder flexion, suppination |
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triceps brachii
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biarticular
o(3): long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head: upper lateral posterior 1/2 of humerus medial head: lower 2/3 of medial posterior humerus i: olecranon process a: elbow and shoulder extension |
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trapezius
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posterior scapular muscle (superficial muscle, can be palpated)
o: occipital protuberance to c7-t12 i: (3) lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula a: most superior: elevation/depression of scapula middle: retraction of scapula most inferior: upward rotation of scapula |
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deltoids (3 groups)
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1. anterior:
o: lateral 1/3 of clavicle i: deltoid tuberosity a: flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction 2: middle o: acromion process i: deltoid tuberosity a: abduction 3. posterior o: spine of scapula i: deltoid tuberosity a: extension (hyper) external rotation, horizontal abduction |
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rotator cuff different than other three (and how)
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subscapularis inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus rather than the greater tuberosity
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rotator cuff different than other three (and how)
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subscapularis inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus rather than the greater tuberosity
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