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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
COPD
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A preventable and treatable disease state characterized by limitations in airflow that are not fully reversible
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Main risk factor for COPD
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Tabocco smoking
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Symptoms of COPD
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cough, sputum prodiction and dyspnea
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Asthma
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A chronic disorder of the airways characterized by variable and recuring symptoms, airflow obstruction, hyperresponsiveness of the bronchioles and underlying inflammation
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Causes of Asthma
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genetics and environmental factors
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Symptoms of Asthma
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coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and faster or noisy breathing
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Restrictive Lung Disease
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a large group of disorders that restrict or reduce lung volume and tidal volume.
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Arteriosclerosis
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loss of elasticity of the arteries, which is characterized by thickening and hardening of artery walls
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Atherosclerosis
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process whereby fatty material is deposited along the walls of arteries. This fatty material hardens, thickens and may eventually block the artery.
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Thrombosis
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blood clot that forms in a blood vessel or heart chamber and remains there.
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Embolus
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a thrombus that travels from whete is was formed to another location
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Platelet inhibitors
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agents, such as aspirin, warfin (Coumadin), or Plavix, have been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events (mortality and morbidity) in persons with or at high risk for acute CVD events
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B Adrenergic Blockers
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rduce ischemia by lowering myocardial oxygen demand for any given workload; lowers BP and control ventricular arrhythmias; reduce first-year mortality rate in patients after an MI by 20-35%
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Calcium Channel Antoagonists
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reduce ischemia at any given workload by altering the major determinants of myocardial oxygen supply and demand; some reduce resting and exercise HR; a;; reduce resting and exercise BP; have not been shown to reduce post-MI mortality
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Nitrates
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reduce ischemia by reducing myocardial oxygen demand with a small increase in oxygen supply; have not been shown to reduce post-MI mortality
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
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reduce myocardial oxygen demand by reducing systemic vascular resistance and thus may increase exercise tolerance in those with left ventricular dysfunction; vasodilatation of the systemic vasculature reduces resting and exercise blood pressure
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Aldosteron Antagonists
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been shown to improve survival in pateints with CHF; blunts SA and AV node conduction, which results in a lower ventricular response in those with atrial fibrillation or tachycardia; used in treatment for CHF
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Digitalis
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enhances contractility of myocardium resulinting in increased stroke volume; blunts SA and AV node conduction, which results in a lower ventricular response in those with atrial fibrillation or tachycardia; used in treatment for CHF
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Diuretics
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Reduces blood pressure by increasing the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and other ions, which results in a loss of water as urine; used when mild reduction in BP is warranted; slight effect on resting and exercise BP, no effect on resting or exercise HR; may increase exercise tolerance in those with CHF
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