ZigBee

packets. This will drain the battery of the Zigbee module and can be used to disable the device [9]. The second and most overlooked attack is a physical attack on the actual Zigbee device. Zigbee devices are not very secure. They often store the network key information in plain text without encryption or password protection. Simple AT commands can often be used to retrieve this information if the device is physically accessible. All Zigbee devices in the network have access to the encryption keys so that packets can be encoded and decoded. As a result, an attacker only needs to find the weak link in the network and exploit it to gain access to the key information. Zigbee devices are often spread out and in remote locations. This creates an easy target…

new technologies are being developed and deployed to meet the global demands. Zigbee is one such technology in rise with low power consumption and low-cost to meet the rising market of Internet of things (IoT) networks. Zigbee is generally deployed for applications which use low data rate and low power consumption and is an open standard worldwide. Zigbee uses a different protocol than Wi-Fi networks where it uses a mesh networking protocol to create a self-healing architecture, thereby…

technologies which can be used for industrial automation and sensing. Among all these technologies, special emphasis is given on Zigbee. Zigbee is a technology known for its low power consumption, low data rates, and self-healing reliable networks, which makes it very efficient for industrial applications. The layer by layer protocol stack architecture of Zigbee illustrates these advantageous features. Zigbee is used for automation and networking purposes in manufacturing and pharmaceutical…

reference electrode and a measurement device. Another method is the use of indicators and colorimeters. Indicators are materials specifically designed to change color when they are exposed to different pH levels. The colorimeter is a device that utilizes a container filled with a determined volume of sample to which a reactive is added. Afterwards, the mixture changes color and is ready to be compared in a color wheel or a standard spectrum of color with the purpose of interpolating the…

It uses 868 MHz band in Europe, 915 MHz band in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in other regions. ZigBee is used for long distance transmission between devices in wireless mesh network. It has low cost, low data transfer rate, short latency time, comparing to WiFi standards. The technology uses the RSS method to estimate the distance between two or more zigbee sensor devices[36] . 2.5.3 Short Distance Wireless Technology 2.5.3.1 Bluetooth Bluetooth is intended to enable short range wireless…

If there is any abnormalities found, alert should be given to the patients. So, the communication of WBANs with other network plays a crucial role. Power usage is the important factor in choice of wireless technology. The existing and emerging radio technologies suitable for WBANs are: UWB, ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth and a few leading competitors in WBAN markets such as Z-Wave, Zarlink, RFID, Rubee, ANT and Sensium. Based on the requirement of WBAN application we can select different…

4.4.1 Personal Server The personal server is responsible for interfacing and communicate with the medical server via the Internet, interfacing the WBAN sensors and fusing sensor data, and providing an intuitive graphical and/or audio interface to the end user. The personal server application can run on a variety of platforms with a variety of wide area network (WAN) access possibilities for Internet access. Platform selection is system specific and should be selected to minimize obtrusiveness…

convenience and mobility for the user. Not notably, given the countless distinct use cases and applications, we must also count to see many of different wireless technologies to meet the needs, each with its own overall performance traits and each optimized for a selected project and context. Currently, we already have quite a few prevalent wireless technologies in use: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, EV-DO, WiMAX, HSPA, ZigBee, NFC, LTE, earlier 3G standards, satellite services, and more. Types of Wireless…

Looking forward to income, the Non-GAAP operating income was $335.2 million for the quarter as against $235.7 million for the previous year’s same quarter and the operating margin was 38.1% against 32.8% for the fourth quarter, 2014. Additionally, the Non-GAAP net income scaled up to $296.1 million from $216.1 million for the fourth quarter, 2014. Skyworks’ posted Non-GAAP Diluted earnings per share of $1.52, beating the analyst estimates, compared to $1.12 for the fourth quarter, 2014. The fact…

Wireless radio protocols have now become the main focus for smart home device developers; with a move away from hardwire dependant protocols such as KNX and X10. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, Z-Wave and Thread are all examples of wireless radio protocols. (Liew, 2015) The move away from hardwired solutions has enabled home automation and smart technology to be more easily integrated into a home. For instance, the intensive wiring work required of a hardwired system; made it suitable only for new…