Young's modulus

Variation in fabrication steps of an IC vs MEMS include but not limited to the feature size (MEMS require a larger feature size – 0.5 to 1µm whereas IC require a feature size of 0.025µm), mechanical properties (MEMS devices require care greater on Young’s modulus, stress, stability than IC’s), release process (MEMS devices need to be either dry or wet etched). In addition to MEMS devices have to be considered for stiction which occurs due to the adhesive forces acting between the substrate and…

Photovoltaic Cells Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Sustainable Alternative Energy Source As a result of all the developments made since the Industrial Revolution, humans have managed to improve the quality of life, expand human knowledge and witness a rapidly increasing population. However, along with these advancements come crucial concerns about pollution, the global climate, and energy security, all of which exacerbate each other. As the human population increases and global…

used and the reasons why will be discussed further on in the report (Happian-Smith 2001: 1). Carbon fibre composites have become the leading material in the automotive, aerospace and sporting equipment. This is due to its high strength, high young’s modulus and low density which makes it extremely lightweight for its properties. Carbon fibre composites with polymeric matrices have been designed to…

2.1 Nanocomposite and nanofiller Composite is the combination of two or more different materials that are mixed together in order to bring out the best properties of both material. A nanocomposite is the composite which exhibit at least one dimension of the nanoparticle size material [17]. The nanoparticle size is mainly used as the disperse particle system to enhance or improve the properties of the composite material such as strength, conductivity and wear resistance. The main reason for…

4. Total Strain Energy theory or HAIGH’S THEORY 5. Maximum Distortion Energy theory or VONMISES AND HENCKY’S THEORY 1. Maximum Principal Stress theory (M.P.S.T) According to M.P.S.T Condition for failure is, Maximum principal stress (1) failure stresses (Syt or Sut) And Factor of safety (F.O.S) = 1 If σ1 is +ve then Syt or Sut σ1 is –ve then Syc or Suc Condition for safe design, Factor of safety (F.O.S) > 1 Maximum principal stress (1) ≤ Permissible stress (per) Where permissible…

The Nanotube Introduction: Nanotubes, specifically the carbon nanotubes are just one of the handful of structures engineers and scientist use today that fall in the nanoscale category. Structures in the nanoscale category are usually between 1-100 nanometers, which one nanometer is one-billionth the size of a meter. A confusing yet beneficial property found in materials at the nanoscale is a concept call quantum called quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics the laws of classic or Newtonian…

In the past chapter, the overall problem was outlined. A structural member is needed to react the load within the system and transfer it from shoulder to waist. All past concepts proposed had no direct route towards flexibility nor actuation, these are key factors in determining the initial concept. In this chapter, solutions for the compression column are investigated, and an initial concept is proposed. This initial concept is broken down into its constitutive parts, and a plan for…

Introduction Graphene is considered as pure carbon in the form of a very thin, one atom thick nearly transparent sheet. It is very strong for its low weight (100 times more stronger than steel and it conducts heat and electricity efficiently. While scientists had theorized about graphene for decades, it was first produced in the lab in 2003. Because it is virtually two-dimensional, it interacts oddly with light and with other materials. Researchers have identified the, ballistic transport of…

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Concrete a manmade material widely and greatly used in construction Industry. This concrete is a mixture of adequate proportion of cement, water and aggregate. Hardening (or) strength of this material is obtained by the chemical action between water and cement. As the time increases the stronger it grows (i.e strength of concrete is directly proportion to its age).The durability, strength, versatility and other characteristics of concrete depends upon the properties and…