Yield

The purpose of these calculations is to identify the limiting reagent and calculate the percent yield of the esterification reaction used to produce aspirin. This reaction was catalyzed by concentrated H2SO4, but since it is not consumed during the reaction, it does not affect the stoichiometric calculations. In order to determine the limiting reagent, the moles of reactants were calculated (Part A). Part B of the calculations illustrates the amount of aspirin produced by each reactant based on…

percent yield and the melting point of the product. Hydration and the opposite reaction of dehydration establish equilibrium between the two competing processes. To complete the reaction of hydration, double bond will require excess water and to complete the reaction of dehydration of an alcohol, the water has to be removed from the alcohol. The position of the equilibrium depends on the two reactions. The percent yield of the reaction was obtained from the following equation: Percent…

Feed flow rate (Fgr) on Product Distribution An increase in the flow of gas oil means an increase in the velocity of the gas oil feed, also a decrease in the residence time of the gas oil in the riser; hence a rise in the conversion of gas oil and yields of the products is expected(Akpa et al. 2010). When the flow rate of gas oil is increased, there is an increase in the heat inflow into the reactor, rate of cracking reactions are high, feed also spends less time in the reactor and hence less…

identity of the unknown acid? 7. What yield and percent yield were obtained? 8. What percent recovery was obtained from recrystallization? 9. What melting point data were obtained? 10. Use your data the justify what product you obtained. 11. Does the yield of your product make sense? Explain. 12. Do your melting point data make sense? Explain. 13.…

ice-bath to allow for complete crystallization. The crystals were then put through the filtering apparatus to collect and dry all the crystals. About 3ml was used to rinse the crystals while in the apparatus. The crystals were then dried and the yield and melting point were taken. Results • Maleic anhydride = 0.4g (0.004 moles) • Ethyl acetate = 1ml • Hexane = 2ml + some to rinse crystals • Cyclopentadiene = 0.4ml (0.0048 moles) • Filter paper before = 0.18g…

What We Are Eating Are Putting Our World and Health at Risks Food is essential to us. It provides energy and nutrients we need to survive. Therefore, we always want to improve the food’s appearance, nutrient values and increase crop yields. This leads to the creation of genetically modified (GM) foods. According to the World Health Organization, GM foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through…

Francis (2004), yield range from 20 to 80 t DM/ha/year under high fertilizer inputs. With no or inadequate fertilizer, yields are in the range of 2-10 t DM/ha/year. Cuttings can be done at 45 – 90 day interval depending on the location. Elephant grass can be cultivated in association with legumes such as pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and leucaena though it is usually grown in pure stands (Mannetje, 1992). Its association with legumes has higher nutritional value and higher dry matter yield than…

To improve the yield of the ester the reaction should be heated using a high temperature. This would favour the formation of the products in this reaction, as the formation of an ester (esterification) is an endothermic reaction. Thus use of a high temperature will push the equilibrium to the right hand side, and a larger yield of the ester will be produced. To improve the yield of the Ester the reaction mixture could be refluxed for longer period of time so that more reactants are converted…

activity (70% yield) and enantioselectivity (98% ee) (Entry 2, Table 1). In further experiments using (R)-1b as the optimal catalyst, different solvents were examined (Entries 6–10). In general, excellent enantioselectivity was obtained in all the solvents tested in this study. Among them, m-xylene proved to be the best in terms of yield (75%) and asymmetric induction (99% ee) (Entries 8–10). Further improvement of the yield was achieved by increasing the equivalents of indole (83% yield and 99%…

experiment are to carry out the process of synthesising aspirin and reinforce both the skills of recrystallisation and melting point determination. In this experiment, we are supposed to measure the amount of aspirin collected to calculate the percentage yield of aspirin. Apart from that, we are also required to find the melting point of aspirin. Introduction: 1.1: aspirin Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is an aromatic compound containing both a carboxylic acid functional…