Y chromosome

they produce large quantities of progeny. Besides these reasons, this species has more advantages for genetic analyses. While most organisms have a higher chromosome count, D. melanogaster has only four chromosome pairs, three pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, making it fairly easy to determine on what chromosome…

distinct phases which prepare the cell for separation as well as an additional phase where the cell can exit the cell cycle. The G1 phase is the first phase in which the cell commits to divide and grows in preparation. The S phase replicates each chromosome to create pairs of sister chromatids. The G2 phase synthesizes proteins in preparation of cell division in the M phase. The last phase of the cycle consists of 4 sub phases which the sister chromatids are separated and enclosed in a nuclear…

Previous studies have established that the gene responsible for Huntington’s disease (HD) is located in chromosome 4 – labeled as 4p16.3. Early symptoms of the disease include chorea or involuntary movements, loss of balance, as well as cerebral atrophy1. Although the disease has a late onset, juvenile form of the disease is also probable. The disease is manifested in children and teenagers and is characterized by transmission from an affected father (paternal transmission effect), unusually…

states that during the formation of gamete the two allele pairs separate randomly. The second law is independent assortment which states during gamete formation each pair of the allele will segregate independently of the rest of the pairs of the chromosomes. The third law is the law of dominance which is that alleles can be dominant or recessive with the expression of the dominant trait when a minimum of one dominant allele is present. Mendel described inheritance as the passing of genetic…

The neurological components of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic condition affecting 1 in 4 million live births. HGPS is often described as a segmental premature aging syndrome meaning that not all features of aging are observed. For example, individual with HGPS do not experience declines in neurocognitive function (Shah, 2017). Children with HGPS appear typical at birth, but noticeable delays in growth begin to appear between the…

1940 by alexander wiener and Karl Landsteiner . Rh blood group is the most complex genetic of all blood type system, because it hooks 45 different surface antigen on the surface of the red cells that are controlled by two closely linked genes on chromosome 1. The antiserum for blood sample was the outcome results of the research that was done on the rhesus monkeys which lead to the naming of the Rh system. (Oneil, 31-07-2015) The RH factor works in a certain way, when the antiserum agglutinate …

If you go to the circus today, you'll see elephants, clowns and cotton candy - not much of a freak show. Circus acts focusing on physical abnormalities might be a thing of the past, but that doesn't make them any less interesting. Below we present the 10 most bizarre circus performers who used their abnormalities to their advantage.Myrtle Corbin was born a dipygus, which means her pelvis and legs were duplicated.Prince Randian, also known as the snake man, was born without limbs.Here we have…

height ratio; in procedure 17.3 codominance will be observed in human blood, and the blood types of unknown samples will be determined. In procedure 17.4, Rh positive and Rh negative will be tested for in blood samples. A unit of heredity on a chromosome is called a gene. Mendel’s particulate theory states that offspring have characteristics inherited from their parents by genes that are passed from parent to offspring. The offspring receives one gene from each parent (Law of Segregation).…

disease developing. There are three different forms of genetic testing that can be done. These are gene tests where individual genes or relatively short lengths of DNA or RNA are tested. Another form of testing is chromosomal tests where whole chromosomes or very long lengths of DNA are tested. The last form of testing is biochemical testing, where protein levels or enzyme activities are tested. (FAQ) The DNA or RNA taken for a gene test is taken from a person’s blood, body fluids like saliva,…

Gene expression within a eukaryotic cell is directly impacted by the spatial organization of the nucleus [1]. Cellular organization is carried out at the chromosome-level [1], through means of chromosome folding, gene kissing, looping, nuclear lamina associations and protein-nucleic acid interactions within nuclear bodies. Observation of the nucleolus using Raman microspectroscopy may provide more insight into macromolecule density and distribution, as well as provide answers to the still…