Y chromosome

1. Why is the cell theory significant (don’t just state the tenets, explain what it means and why it is a theory)? The cell theory is significant because of it’s three basic ideals or principles. The first is that all organisms are made from cells. This means that cells are the building blocks of life and technically, all of life is connected and related to each other by this tenet. In addition, by researching and examine one type of cell, the results can be assumed for all similar types of…

do not have a nucleus, so it can not go through mitosis. In a means to reproduce, they procreate using binary fission. During the process multiple fission, the replication of the archaeal DNA occurs and the two strands are pulled apart. Archaeal chromosomes replicate using DNA polymerases that mirror complements eukaryotic enzymes. Protein FtsZ, the protein that directs cell division, forms a contracting ring around the cell. The factors of the septum build up across the center of the cell,…

In the study of evolution one time in history that is very closely looked at is exactly when humans arose in the world. There are certain characteristics that have to be met in order for something to be considered “human.” The question is when where all of those characteristics met? In these evolutionary studies the Neanderthals and the Denisovans come into conversation. Scientist ask if these organisms could be considered “human?” They try to answer this by studying how they lived, when they…

One mutation in a single human chromosome is all it takes. When a human has an extra copy of chromosome 21, this is referred to a developmental disorder known as Down’s Syndrome or Trisomy 21. An individual with Down’s have three copies of their genes instead of two, therefore disturbing the control of protein production within cells. It is so common and widespread that 1 out of every 800 to 1,000 babies are affected by Down’s Syndrome (FamilyDoctor). This means, according to the article…

For my project, I chose to make an illustration. In the picture I have a breast cancer ribbon, a pot of boiling water, a prokaryote, a chromosome, a pedigree, and a factory to represent human impact, a flower to represent photosynthesis, a food chain, an energy pyramid, an embryo, humans evolving, a biomolecules chart, and the phases of mitosis. I drew a breast cancer ribbon because we talked about different types of cancer. There are many factors that go into the diagnosis of cancer. A lot of…

disadvantage of using the FISH technique is that only 10 to 12 chromosomes can be analyzed at a time, while a human cell contains 46 chromosomes. This lessens the chances of transferring a healthy embryo to the mother’s womb, because some mutated chromosomes might not have been discovered (“PGD/PDS”). However, this technique would be useful for Huntington’s disease because the CAG repeats that cause the disease are only located on chromosome 4 (HD). Along with preventing inherited diseases…

decrease in the devils population. The oldest strand of the tumor cell contains thirteen chromosomes, nine are recognizable and four of which are mutated "markers". When Pearse first examined the cancer cells, she discovered that the chromosomes were mangled: One pair of chromosomes was missing entirely, one lacked a partner, one was chomped off, and some leftover bits were jammed together into extra chromosomes. This is not uncommon in general for cancer cells. The comparisons amongst all the…

Aseptic Technique The principles of the aseptic technique are easy to understand, however, they are invaluable if a proper procedure is to be executed in such a laboratory setting. Primarily, to understand its importance, it must be understood what is aseptic technique. In essence, aseptic technique is the collection of procedures and steps performed to ensure both the cleanliness of the laboratory setting, and more importantly, the purity of the components used; that is to say, to ensure that…

Technology today now allows us to address the idea of cloning. Cloning is creating an identical genetic copy of an organism or a cell. The process of this is there will be three subjects A, B, and C a body cell will be taken from A, the DNA will be extracted then an egg cell will be taken from B the nucleus removed. The DNA from A is fuse with the egg cell from B the fused cell develops into an embryo when it is placed in C the surrogate and then the clone is of subject A. To get to cloning…

has any influence on chromosome instability and if it does, how to correct it. This is important because chromosome instability is proposed to be a major contributor to the acceleration of cancer cell evolution1, and as a previously overlooked source, cohesion fatigue can induce chromosome instability. The authors focused on the cohesion complex in this study since in a previous study they identified that a certain protein, Ska3, was important in the maintaining of chromosome cohesion2. This…