X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Pharmacy technician and pharmacist are work closely together. They are deliver medication, advice and assistance to their patient. Pharmacist relies on pharmacy Technician for many things. They kind of like one bodies that need and can't missing each others. And pharmacy technician do not require for any education beyond high school. But pharmacist need to go to school to get a bachelor degree, 4 years college education, 2 years of Pre-pharmacy and one year of internship. And also they have to…

periods, emission of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, and negative side effects from its many medical uses. Radioactive particles vary in strength, alpha particles, for example, are able to pass through sheet of paper. On the other hand, gamma rays are about to pass through solid lead (6 inches) or concrete (6 feet). By analyzing the human eye, scientists were able to develop a highly accurate system for identifying the age of a corpse. This method calls of the use of radioactive…

the day that a German Scientist named Wilhelm C. Roentgen accidentally discovered the x-ray while experimenting with a Crookes tube. This discovery allowed the inside of the human body to be viewed without having to perform unnecessary surgery. From this discovery, x-rays became “a key element in the identification, diagnosing, and treatment of many types of medical conditions” (http://www.healthline.com/health/x-ray#Overview1 ). Over the next century, Roentgen and others who followed his work…

The purpose of much research into radio-diagnostic error is to understand the visual search methods (process) and the perceptive and cognitive processes (performance) used in the interpretation of medical images. Investigation into the reasons for radiological error began more than fifty years ago after a study comparing radiological techniques failed to provide an answer because of significant variability in the performance of the subjects used for the task [1]. Results found that chest images…

The X-ray, also called the Röntgen ray, was invented by German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1985. The x-ray is undisputedly important and is used todays at airports and sporting events to check for weapons and dangerous substances and at hospitals in order to check for fractured or broken bones, internal damage, or items lodged in the digestive system. Despite the x-ray’s numerous and various uses, it’s discovery was unintentional. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the x-ray while…

radiation naturally but other sorts are made in a lab for specific purposes like radiotherapy for the treatment of some sorts of cancer. Radiation as a medical treatment has been around for a long time. X-Rays as such were discovered in 1896 by Wilhelm Roentgen and as early as 1901 low dose X-Rays were being used to treat cancer. It was found early on that radiation seamed to treat diseased cells in the body and if a method could be found for confining their effect to the cancerous cells and…

Computed Tomography (CT), also commonly referred to as a CAT scan, is a medical imaging method that combines multiple X-ray projections taken from different angles to produce detailed cross-sectional images of areas inside the body. CT images allow doctors to get very precise, 3-D views of certain parts of the body, such as soft tissues, the pelvis, blood vessels, the lungs, the brain, the heart, abdomen and bones. CT is also often the preferred method of diagnosing many cancers, such as liver,…

Sagittal, coronal, and axial planes are all optimal diagnostic viewpoints. A Computed Tomography unit utilizes an x-ray tube and a detector array to find anatomic information from a patient. A typical repeating method that is required is an intravenous infusion of an iodinated contrast agent which helps to distinguish between pathology and ordinary tissue. Since the…

Ultrasound has been used for many years to help diagnosis. Ultrasound describes sound frequencies beyond the range of normal human hearing and 20 kilohertz. Ultrasound uses focused low-energy ultrasound waves to visualize the interior of the body in a noninvasive and painless way. Many people are to thanks for the evolution of ultrasound. Dating back to the 1700’s. Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1793 observed that bats function efficiently in the dark, even when blinded, but not if deafened. He…

To understand radiation safety, one must first be familiar with the term radiation. Simply put, radiation may be defined as energy traveling through space as waves or high speed particles. There are two types of radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing (e.g. Heat, visible light), they are differentiated by how they interact with matter. Non- ionizing radiation is essential to life, but excessive exposures can cause tissue damage. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to ionize atoms and…