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Antacids are a class of medicine which assist to balance the acidity/ pH balance in your stomach. The pH system is a scale which measures how acidic a substance is or how basic a substance is or if a substance is neutralized. Antacids have the ability to give relief for heartburn, indigestion or symptoms of acid reflux. There are many types of antacids such as calcium, aluminum and magnesium. They’re many ways to consume antacids such as liquids, tablets and chewable tablets. The experiment will…

Discussion: Each test is a pertinent contribution to drawing an educated conclusion. After performing the gram staining and observing which unknown culture was gram positive, a catalase test was performed. The catalase test allows lab workers to differentiate Staphylococci and Streptococci genus. The test was performed only on the gram-positive culture. Bacteria that respire by the use of oxygen, otherwise known as aerobic respiration, produce enzyme or “catalase”. This protects the bacteria…

The objective of the lab was to determine the densities of known and unknown metal solids and liquids. For the liquids, initially, an Electronic Scale was placed onto Work Bench, and it was zeroed. An empty 50 mL Graduated Cylinder was placed onto the scale, weighing 54.00 grams. In increments of 10 mL. Until the volume was 30.00 Ml, 10.00 mL of water was poured into the Graduated Cylinder. In between each increase of 10.00 mL, the total volume and mass were recorded. For the known metals, the…

Danika Ng CHEM 1252 L Exp 12: Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemical Equilibria INTRODUCTION The reaction being done with borax and HCl is an acid base reaction. The K constant expression of the reaction is Kc = [Na^+][B4O7^-2]. A titration is needed for this experiment because when a strong acid with a known concentration is added to a weak base, the unknown concentration of the weak base can be found, which can then find the moles of the weak base, which can then find the Kc. The first law of…

NIMOTOP INJECTION Nimodipine 0.02% solution contains the following excipients: Ethanol 96%, Macrogol 400, sodium citrate, citric acid, Water for Injections Ph. Eur. These excipients consist of properties that aim towards the proper functionality of Nimotop. They consist of inherent stabilities that cause little or no effect in the stability of the drug and they do not have any acute or chronic toxicity. The excipients are also added into the Nimodipine 0.02% solution to enhance the biological…

I. DETERMINATION OF ACIDITY: Acidity was obtained by titrimetric method. Required chemicals are: - Methyl orange indicator (1-2 drops), Phenopthelene indicator (1-2 drops), and titrate with NaOH (0.02 N) till orange colour change to pink color. J.DTERMINATION OF DO: WINKLER METHOD DO was obtained by titrimetric method. The amount of Dissolved Oxygen, or DO, in water is expressed as…

To determine optimal pH value for the hydrolysis of p-NPG by leukocyte GCase, we examined effects of variable pH (4.0-5.5) at a constant substrate concentration (5mM). Figure 1 shows the pH activity curves of leukocyte GCase assayed in the presence and absence of 6 mg per ml Sodium taurocholate. In the absence of the pure sodium taurocholate, the activity in the range of pH 4.0-4.8 was considerably lower. However, in the presence of pure Sodium taurocholate, leukocyte GCase was optimally active…

Experiment 3 titled “Physiologically Important IONS” and the purpose of this lab is to become familiar with metal and nonmetal ions and mostly important in biological and physiological processes. Also, to become familiar with tests to determine the presence or absence of ions as well as to estimate approximate amount. To begin, when a solution is tested, make sure you observe everything and note everything. This is lab, we will test some positive ion and determines if it’s an anion or a cation.…

The list of errors start from the beginning of the experiment. Although the numbers seem to be close to the actual values, there is still room for error with the numbers. What the class noticed first is that we could have been working with very impure benzoic acid. The benzoic acid we were given was made by the 102 chemistry students, meaning that it wasn’t properly made. Students have said that they were rushed and weren’t able to take their time to filter the solid out of the solution. We had…

Introduction Although, in general, salts are known for their solubility, not all types of salts completely dissociate in water. Some of them partially dissociates and creates a dynamic equilibrium due to the instances when their ions recombine to form the original salts. An example of this is potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHC4H4O6 or KHT). When KHT is placed in water, it partially dissolves and forms K+ and HC4H4O6- ions. This reaction is shown below: KHC_4 H_4 O_6 (s)⇄ K^+ (aq)+HC_4 H_4 O_6^-…