Working memory

spatial memory task. The participants in this study consisted of 46 undergraduate volunteers, 21 men, 26 women, with ages raging from 18-23. Eleven to twelve participants were assigned to four different conditions, one with no music, one with natural sound, and one with instrumental music, and one with vocal music. There were three tasks the participants had to complete, one was a verbal memory task, one was a spatial memory task, and one was a mental arithmetic task. For the verbal memory task…

Memory is often defined as the processing, storage and retrieval of information acquired through learning. Essentially, memory is a neurological representation of some prior event or experience. Although there are other ways of defining memory, all descriptions typically refer to memory as requiring and therefore involving three fundamental processes: encoding, storage and retrieval. In the 1960’s with the introduction of the computer, many psychologists described these processes using the…

1. Compare and contrast working and reference memory. The difference between these two types of memory are the "retention"(p.311) period necessary to the situation. Working memory is a temporary retention, meaning that that information is only stored long enough to complete a task before being soon discarded. However, pieces of information can be moved from working to reference memory, also known as long-term memory. Reference memory uses background information to succesfully use incoming and…

The study of working memory has been vast and varied in the field of psychology. Just the aspect of its capacity has had many experiments detailed in several publications. One of many questions asked is whether one can train working memory capacity(wmc) in order to increase it. If we can increase wmc, what other effects would that training have on other facets of the human mind? The first two questions are tackled in both Jaeggi (2008), which attempted to show the positive effects of wmc…

project is the fact that I wanted to do something different. I wanted to learn things like, how and where is our memory stored? How many parts of the brain are there? What is each part’s job? How does one tiny organ control what we’re feeling? Let’s start with our memories. There are 3 types of memories that we have; and they are all stored in different parts of the brain. Explicit memories are stored in 3 very important parts of the brain: the hippocampus, the neocortex, and the amygdala.…

difficulties for the past 30 years (Swanson, Cooney, & McNamara, 2004). Working memory, therefore, will be investigated in this study as a possible factor in scholastic success. The working memory model is probably the most widely used and accepted today (Sternberg, 2009). Working memory holds only the most recently activated, or conscious, part of long term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage (Dosher, 2003). Alan Baddeley (Baddeley,…

been used to examine multiple cognitive abilities in infants such as object permanence (Charles & Rivera, 2009) and working memory (Cuevas et al., 2012). Reaching measures can examine similar infant cognitive abilities. The methods of Richmond et al. (2015) to explain infant spatial relational memory and Cuevas & Bell (2010) to compare looking and reaching performance in a working memory task will be discussed. Questions that arise ask what can each method tell us about infant cognitive ability…

The article by Sue Palmer, “Working Memory: A Developmental Study of Phonological Recording”, presents the study of how young children encode information. Baddely proposed that the phonological loop in working memory is developed around the age of seven (Cheetham, 2016). This study tested children as young as three up to age eight in order to see when the phonological loop begins in a person and until what age a child relies on visual codes in order to retrieve a memory. This study had specific…

Definition A working memory is a process that involves storing, focusing attention on, and manipulating information for a relatively short period of time, such as a few seconds (Working Memory. 2018). The working memory has three functions which includes, encoding, storage and retrieval. There are also two types of working memory, one being auditory memory and the other would be visual-spatial memory. An example would be when a child has a weak working memory, they would find it harder…

material and activities can easily be linked to existing knowledge as well as encoded and stored in the long-term memory (LTM) that is retrievable even after a long time. The quality of encoding, storing and retrieving of information largely depends on the wayhuman mind processes information in working memory. It is evident that each student process information in his own way while working on any subject related activity in a group. Well-organized information is easier to encode process and…