Women's Health Initiative

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    Estrogen Therapy Essay

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    The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system have been debated for a while. Elevated levels of homocysteine even to a mild or moderate degree have been associated with an increased risk for CVD. A recent meta-analysis revealed a graded and linear relationship between increased cardiovascular risk and elevated homocysteine levels. (Yuksel et. al, 2011). Estrogen replacement was given to the surgically induced menopausal women evaluating the levels of homocysteine. A total of 45 women were given estrogen orally or subcutaneous. Yukel et. al, states that a growing body of evidence suggests that different types of estrogen, different doses and routes of delivery as well as different populations treated with post-menopausal HRT may result in a different risk benefit profile. Using the different routes of estrogen administration allows the study to have different baselines. Blood samples were taken 15 weeks after the estrogen therapy was started. The levels of homocysteine remained neutral during the treatment. The blood samples did not show an increase or a decrease. Estrogen therapy does not affect the levels of homocysteine, which indicates no changes in the cardiovascular system. Another group of researchers used a bigger population and used a mean age of 52. Using a bigger population allowed more women to be evaluated; increasing the odds of finding effects. A total of 86 women with a mean age of 52 was given estrogen via different routes. The…

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    opportunity cost of the land, possible over-exploitation of the zoo’s resources, and protests by social/political activists regarding commercial activities. Recommendations: The following recommendations offer implementable solutions to the key issues raised previously: 1) Extend hours to operation from 8:00AM to 7:00PM (April to September) and from 8:00AM to 6:00PM (October to March). 2) Offer specific ticket fares for adults and children: INR 15 and INR 10. Then increase them in 10-20%…

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    propositions. This begs the question, “What exactly are these California propositions?”. The California propositions are essentially state-wide initiatives that directly voted by the California voters rather than the state legislature. In this election year, 17 propositions were on the state ballot with one being Proposition 67. Proposition 67 was essentially a ballot…

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    “To ensure the success of the colonization,” began the General, “only those individuals deemed essential as outlined in the New Earth Initiative press release from February 4th, 2116 will be granted a seat on the first series of launches to New Earth.” The broadcast continued for a while longer as the General called out the names of the approximately 800 scientists, local politicians, business leaders, and cultural icons who had been deemed “essential individuals.” I winced when I heard my…

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    Piling itself, burying itself. Higher. Deeper’ (158). Morrison effectively connotes Denver as the snow, doing all the work to cover the house. In other words, she takes action on her own to help the entire household. While Sethe became too distracted in her love affairs with Paul D, Denver took initiative to comfort Beloved when nobody could do so. While Denver becomes more independent and mother-like to Beloved due to her altruistic actions, her actions of taking responsibility…

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    As of February 2015, Maryland Senator Ron Young has proposed a bill to allow members of the armed forces to start drinking at eighteen. "If someone can risk their life, why shouldn't they be able to have a glass of beer or wine with dinner?" Young said while testifying before the Senate Education, Health and Environmental Affairs Committee (Rogers1). Also, Hugh Warner, commander of Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 3285 in Frederick, said he didn't help initiate the legislation but agrees with it in…

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    drinking age is lowered, teens could be more than likely say the same thing, just at a younger age. Despite this, research in 2006, by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has shown in their article “Underage Drinking: Why Do Adolescents Drink, What Are the Risks, and How Can Underage Drinking Be Prevented,” that teens already drink at a very young age. The article stated fourteen years of age was reported to be the the average age of those who were first time alcohol users…

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    Hundreds of teens have been injured or died each year for underage drinking and driving. The alcohol age should not be lowered to 18, it needs to remain at 21 in order to protect teens from hurting themselves. Many young teens are experiencing the issues of drinking too much, and because of this, underage drinking is a leading public health problem. Some studies show that young people who drink put themselves at risk for potential health problems. About 5,000 people under the age of 21 die…

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    For many years, one of the biggest issues nationwide has been the abuse of alcohol by all age groups; however, this is primarily true for the 18-21 year old age bracket. In 1987, Ronald Reagan and his administration pressured states by threatening local funding cuts. His ultimate goal was for a nationwide minimum legal drinking age of 21 (Tooney, et al, 2009). Supporters of this, such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), believed that this law would end drunk driving related deaths. As a…

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    The Legal Drinking Age

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    congress ever changed the legal drinking age to twenty-one was because of the whole drunk driving issue, but also states how that was a whole different time period and modern day society is more educated on that subject now compared to back then. Observing other countries all around the world statistics say the average minimum legal drinking age around the world is 15.9. The majority of countries have set the drinking age at eighteen. In 50 countries the minimum age is lower than eighteen and…

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