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laparotomy Overview: A laparotomy is a large incision made in the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy is used to view and examine structures inside the abdominal cavity. Those include section • Appendix • bladder • gallbladder • Intestine • kidney and ureter • Liver • pancreas • Spleen • Stomach • uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries (in women) Surgery that opens the abdomen is called laparotomy. causes: on the basis of causes section varies: Large and small intestine: a bowel perforation, bowel…

Mahmoud IbrahimM.C., a 23-year-old woman, has developed a skin rash as well as nausea and vomiting, aftertaking an antimicrobial drug for a short time. The skin rash is red and quite itchy and isspreading over her entire body. The physician stops the medication because of this allergicreaction. The patient has a history of skin rashes, both eczema and contact dermatitis, sinceinfancy. She has had hay fever during the summer and fall for the past few years.1. Why would the physician consider this…

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal bleeding from the uterus. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding includes: A period that comes earlier or later than usual. A period that is lighter, heavier, or has blood clots. Bleeding between periods. Skipping one period or more. Bleeding after sexual intercourse. Bleeding after menopause. HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS Watch your condition for any changes. Take these steps to help with your condition:…

EBL Package 2 Notes – Hamza ‘… suspicious lumps on self-examination’ How to self-examine? In order to self-examine, there are various steps in which an individual should take; • Face a mirror to ensure that you can see any external abnormalities • With both hands examine each testicle. It is not normal to feel pain whilst gently rolling the testicle, if this occurs, please contact your GP. • Behind the testicle there is a soft, tube-like structure called the epididymis, If you find a lump in…

Rhinitis or inflammation of the nose mucous membrane is something that often occurs in cats. If it lasts for a long time, it can easily get into a chronic form. The cause of chronic rhinitis can be a viral or bacterial infection, rarely fungi. Allergies can often cause chronic rhinitis because cats are prone to allergies. In some cases, abnormal tissue growth inside the nose can lead to chronic rhinitis. Cats with this problem have a frequent leak from the nose, which make breathing difficult…

The Zika virus’ first well-documented report of human infection was in 1964 when Simpson described his own occupationally acquired Zika virus illness when he was 28 years old. The illness began with mild headaches and the next day rash covered his face, neck, trunk, and upper arms and this spread to his palms and soles. Malaise, transient fever and back pain developed. By the second day, evening, of illness he was afebrile, rashes were fading, and he felt better. On the third day he felt well…

Bones help animals move, shape and support for an animal’s body. Bones are made up of tissues that continue to grow throughout the animal’s lifetime. But, as an animal gets older the body adds new bone quicker than getting rid of the old. With growth, an animal can run into many issues, one being bone disorders. Bone disorders can affect the growth of a healthy bone, can cause infection, and injure the animal. Bone disorders can be treated with nutritional treatments to help the bone or bones…

placed in the chest or even the abdomen that is used to control abnormal heart rhythms. The pacemaker uses energy electrical (low) pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. There are four valves in the heart which prevents the backflow of blood. They are the bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve. The bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and…

Autoimmunity and the Endocrine System Chad Martin Nursing 631 Grand Canyon University December 12, 2015 Introduction The immune system in the human body is protection. Protection not only from infectious disease processes and foreign bodies but from ourselves. The immune system is great to have when working well, however, there can be unintended and serious consequences when the system fails and initiates inappropriate responses to our bodies own cells. Autoimmunity specifically is the…

Look back This week reflective analysis is based on intraoperative irrigation fluid spill on the floor during cystoscopy and hysteroscopy. Elaborate This I realize when I was in gynecology department.During vaginal hysterectomy when the surgeon was performing a cystoscopy and during myomectomy, the surgeon was performing the hysteroscopies, I found that there was a fluid spill on the floor. Both procedures, I found that spill of irrigation fluid is a common issue even if the scrub nurse…