Winkler test for dissolved oxygen

In the testing stream water there will be nitrates, phosphates, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, different temperatures, and pH levels.The most important factor to stream testing is the temperature of the water. If the temperature increases the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases. (EPA and Staff, 2012)Phosphates are present in the water through human and animal wastes. (Oram, no date) Phosphates are used in laundry soaps, cleaners, industrial effluents, and fertilizers. (Oram, no date) Nitrates are used in fertilizers, rodenticides, and food preservatives.Turbidity is caused by sediment or other pollutants and causes the water to appear murky or cloudy. (2008) The pH can be changed by some of the rocks in the water, such as limestone which neutralizes the acid in the water. (Oram, no date) “Nitrates are forms of nitrogen and is found in several different forms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems”. Nitrates in the water are caused by wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized yards, and crop land. (EPA, 2009) Nitrates are found in proteins, and are always being recycled by plants and animals. “Bacteria in water quickly convert nitrates [NO2-] to nitrates [NO3-].” (Nitrate-Nitrogen Water Quality Information, no date) “When testing nitrate levels it…

taking special care to avoid adding air to the liquid being collected. Fill bottle completely and add stopper. 2. Remove bottle stopper and add 1 mL of the manganous sulfate solution at the surface of the liquid. 3. Add 1 mL of the alkaline-potassium iodide-sodium azide solution at the surface of the liquid. 4. Replace the stopper, avoid trapping air bubbles and shake well by inverting the bottle several times. Repeat shaking after floc has settled halfway. Allow floc to settle a…

Dissolved oxygen is an important parameter to test because all organisms living in a body of water need dissolved oxygen in order to survive. For aquatic organisms, 4 ppm is “the minimum amount needed” of dissolved oxygen in order to sustain life (Oram 1). If high dissolved oxygen values are recorded, this could indicate that the water has an increase in bacteria. Photosynthetic bacterias, such as the cyanobacteria that makes up algal blooms, produce oxygen through photosynthesis. It is…

alkalinity, salinity, total dissolved solid(TDS), conductivity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solid, total suspension solid, turbidity, BOD, DO and COD using standard methods (APHA,2005). A.DETERMINATION OF pH: The electrode of pH meter was calibrated with standard buffer solutions of pH 4, 7 and 9. The electrode was then dipped in the sample and its pH was noted down. B.DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: Conductivity was measured by using soil and water…