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vague idea that maybe we would make some glass and solder it together to create a window. I thought it would be an simplistic quick process, but I soon learned that my assumptions were wrong. After finishing my heart, I started to realize that Stained Glass is a very serious and complex artform. However, I did not fully realize the amount of dedication and hard work required to create this art until finishing my first window. Every step of the process pushed me to work, patience ….. I have grown…

The Basics of Gene Expression and Control Genetics is a very diverse field of science, because it encompasses so many aspects of not only what happens inside organisms, but also how offspring relate to parents and ancestors and many other processes. Although every bit of genetics is important, many things in an organism would not be possible without the expression of genes. Through expressions of genes, organisms provide for themselves and "fulfill" what is the basis of their genetic…

Question 1: a) A: Promoter B: Splice site C: 5’ UTR D: Start codon E: Stop codon F: 3’ UTR b) The sum of the exons and introns (all in kilobases) (1.2+8+0.7+27+0.4+11+3.1) = 51.4 kb. c) The sum of the exons (all in kilobases) (1.2+0.7+0.4+3.1) = 5.4 kb. d) RNA Protein Truncation mutation in exon 2 Same length, same amount of RNA produced. Shorter in length (due to earlier stop codon), same amount of protein produced, usually changes the protein to non-functional, though not always. 3bp in…

DNA makes proteins. DNA is stored in the nucleus and contains phosphates (a phosphate includes nitrogen bases). DNA is made up of these phosphates, but, in making polypeptides, or a protein, the nitrogen bases are the most important in his process. To make a polypeptide, the helicase unzips the double helix figure, making two rows, or strands, which are one side of all of the nitrogen bases. Floating nitrogen bases string the opposite of these sides, to make an original copy, but leave, ending…

Jennifer is a blithe and free little woman who has been notable in a bakeshop in Flushing for a quarter of a year. She stands restlessly among customers in a crevice between two small shops. Once in a while she trudges up and down Main Street seeking attention, even something as little as a smile from someone else. She sometimes makes eerie sounds, and ends up scaring people off, making it difficult for her to get her point across. As people walk away from her, she begins to wail her arms up in…

Figure 5: Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of CHOP splicing variants in plasmids and liver tissues, and CHOP exon arrangements. (A) CHOP1 mRNA contains four exons, whereas CHOP2 mRNA lacks the second exon of CHOP1. The 5 '-leader of CHOP is encoded within the first and second exons, while the coding sequence is encoded within the third and fourth exons of CHOP. (B) As expected, CHOP1 primers amplified CHOP1 transcripts at the size of 214 bp in the CHOP1 plasmid template containing the full…

Introduction Information processing is crucial in all fields of science. In molecular biology, the central dogma, first devised by Francis Crick, is a classical backbone of living cells to essentially perform the processes from cell division to death through the DNA, RNA, and protein information ways. More specifically, the central dogma defines the transfer of sequence information during DNA replication, transcription into RNA, and translation into amino-acid chains forming proteins. It also…

Transcription is a process which information from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes…

proteins could never be made (News-Medical). Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of gene sequences. This particular copy leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to amino acids during protein synthesis. In the cell cytoplasm the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups made up of three bases to assemble the protein (NIH). DNA, RNA, Transcription, and Translation are all…

Module #11 Chapter 21 Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pgs. 645-646 & 657–659. Question #1 from D2L: What is the central dogma of molecular biology? The central dogma is the explanation of how genetic information flows as it is passed from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA replicates and converts the information it carries into RNA, this process is called transcription. During transcription the information is passed through nucleic…