West Orange

prominent countries, the Soviet Union and the United States, split Berlin into what is best known as East and West Germany. This time period is what we know as the cold war where there was great tension between the two territories. East Germany, allied with the Soviets, was a communist state while West Germany, allied with the United States, was a capitalist state. The superior lifestyle of the West German culture enticed countless East Germans to defect. Therefore, multitudes of people, with…

This summary of Nakba: Palestine, 1948, and the Claims of Memory by Ahmad H. Sa’di and Lila Abu-Lughod will provide an examination of the Palestinian Diaspora in relation to the Palestinian exodus of 1948. Part One of this book is entitled “Places of Memory”, which consists of historical perspectives of scholars, such as Chapter 1’s article by Susan Slyomovics, related to Nakba through the memories of refugees in the town of Qula: “A different history historiography, grounded in testimonial…

Rap Mile Of many films made about well-known Hip-Hop culture, film 8 mile by Curtis Hanson is showing Eminem and his autobiographical story as one of the most successful. It’s one of the best hip-hop movies and a great example how did artistic talent meets with commercial achievement. It had received an Academy Award for one of the best songs “Lose Yourself” and Eminem was the first who made that happen. The major elements of the film 8 mile are roles of MC and Race as well as their place in…

The Scarce Reality of Poverty: Ethiopia Culture is defined as “the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time”, according to Merriam-Webster (2016). Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world, dating back as far as the 9th century B.C. The people of Ethiopia have a long history and a distinct culture. Unfortunately, Ethiopia became a place of poverty and suffering for the people who live there. Poverty is a reality in this country, but there is…

The article “Problematizing a Palestinian Diaspora” by Juliet Peteet, outlines the origins and development of the Palestinian Diaspora during the post-colonial period in the Middle East as one of the most unresolved and controversial conflicts in human history. The year 1948 marks the beginning of the Palestinian al-ghurba (exile) as well as the establishment of the Jewish state of Israel. The founding of the new state is often described as Al-Nakba, meaning “the catastrophe or disaster”,…

Jewish state (Kahzan). Palestine may be happy with this, but they do not have the resources to prosper. After the zoning of the Oslo Accords, Palestinians have complete control over 3% of the rural farming land in the West Bank, and have absolutely no control over 70% of the land in the West Bank, land which includes the Jordan valley, natural reserves like water aquifers, and agricultural lands (Giacaman et. al. 838). Palestine needs the military occupation to end so that they can access these…

The history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict dates back to the day the state of Israel declared independence, days ahead of the official end to the British Mandate in Palestine in 1948. While there were some minor conflicts and skirmishes between the Arabs and the Jews prior to 1948, those ongoing tensions erupted into a full civil war and countless bloody battles that have claimed the lives of many innocent people and have dominated the international political arena for over seven decades.…

The United States has always been a nation that has been segregated. The Nation was founded on segregation and has long remained a part of its history. Especially during the Antebellum Period, the United States were not as united as one would think. Sure, each of the states that existed in that period were united as one whole country. However, each state instead, based on its location, was more segregated than ever. The states became victims of sectionalism which was how the division…

Askia the Great – Prosperity of the Songhai Empire Songhai Empire, located in West Africa, reached its peak under the leadership of Askia the Great, an authoritative military leader. He not only expanded the border of the empire but also encouraged education for its citizens. In addition, Askia augmented trade with foreign countries and set up regulations on measurements and customs. He also unified and controlled the nation efficiently by centralizing the government. Under his reign, Songhai…

Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines homophobia as the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. While society has made great strides towards becoming more accepting of the LGBTQ community, there is still a portion of the population that has not changed. And in hip hop culture today, it can be seen by many that homophobia is still prevalent. Joel Penney is quite aware of this as his article entitled, “We Don’t Wear Tight Clothes”: Gay Panic and…