Water vapor

is a liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature or a liquid that has a measurable vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is the equilibrium pressure resulting in the evaporation of a liquid in a closed container.1 It is important to know the vapor pressure of a volatile liquid because the higher the vapor pressure, the faster the liquid evaporates.2 So…

multilevel round houses. Some of these houses are elevated, while others are ground level or subterranean. Steel pressure tanks have also been adopted for other uses. Here are some of the more creative ways that people have used steel pressure tanks: Vapor Drawings - An internationally known contemporary artist, makes drawings and sculpture by painting with chemicals on glass and paper. He “paints” with these chemicals by vaporizing them in a vacuum tank. The artist purchased a steel…

Since the water splitting reaction using semiconductor electrode reported by Fujishima et al. in 1972 [1], there is increasing interest in the development of metal oxide photocatalysts for environmentally friendly applications such as air purification [2], hydrogen production via water splitting [3] and the removal of organic molecules from water [4]. Recently, photocatalyst thin film has aroused growing interests instead of a powder type of photocatalyst. Photocatalyst film can be deposited…

Solution growth deposition This technique consists essentially of inserting the substrate into a solution containing hydrolysable metal compounds and pulling it out at a constant speed into an atmosphere containing water vapour. In this atmosphere, hydrolysis and condensation takes place. Finally the films are hardened by a high temperature cycle to form transparent metal oxides. Any hydrolysable compound including halides or nitrates but preferably metallo-organics are suitable…

appearance and temperature of range of water that is lukewarm, scalding, simmering and boiling point. On top of that, we also need to determine the factors that boiling temperature of water alone and with various ingredients added. In this experiment, appearance and temperature range of water will be determined. Various amount of ingredient will be added and changed in boiling point will be observed. Result show that, from 28°C to 35°C the range of water is called lukewarm, from 65°C to 91°C…

process of separating liquids with 2 different boiling points. Distillating requires heating and cooling of liquid components to eventually purify the mixtures. In distillation, heat is added to vaporize the liquid with the lower boiling point and this vapor gas bubble is condensed back into its liquid form, where it is then collected in a receiving flask or a graduated cylinder. Multiple distillations and collections, depending on the types of distillation techniques, yields distinct, separated…

ethanol from the water. Fractional distillation is proven to be the more effective method to get the highest percent ethanol by volume and weight, as seen with the data in the tables. From a simple distillation, we were about to obtain 75% ethanol by weight, as opposed to the fractional…

the isolation of citral from lemon grass oil? Simple distillation is used to isolate a pure non-volatile liquid from another non-volatile substance. Steam distillation is used to separate liquid and solid that are somewhat volatile and immiscible in water. Since citral is moderately volatile, it was best to use steam distillation. 7. Both geranial (1) and vitamin A (2) are members of the class of natural products called terpenes. This group of compounds has the common characteristic of being…

What is water? Why is water vital to life? What makes water unique? Water is the most abundant compound on Earth and the universal solvent in which the chemistry of the life processes has developed over billions of years. Water has unique chemical and physical properties that make life on Earth possible; it plays a key role in the cycling nutrients on our planet and it is the only common substance that you can find as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Water exists in every living being, it…

information detailing what chemical properties make up the structure of a salt hydrate. It provided essential knowledge proceeding to the successful completion of this lab such as the idea that hydrates are salt compounds which have formed weak bonds to water molecules that can easily be broken through the use of heat. With this information in mind, it was expected that a series of procedural guidelines following this information be used to aid in the identification of the chemical change taking…