Water content

investigate the physical and mechanical properties. Sodium alginate act as a hydrophilic and it can be dissolved in water but not entirely soluble (Ilie et al.,…

Energy profile of exothermic reaction Energy profile of endothermic reaction A)Doc Brown (2016) B)Doc Brown (2016) Thermodynamic reactions occur when there is a difference of energy during a chemical reaction. There are two types; Firstly, Exothermic reactions; This is when the initial reactants use less energy to break their existing bonds, than what energy was required to make the new bonds. The extra heat is spreads out into the surroundings (see above diagram A) An…

RESULTS SOLUBILITY ANALYSIS: Ketoprofen sample was found to be soluble in ethanol, Chloroform, ether, acetone at neutral pH and is found to be almost insoluble in water. Solubility analysis is important because the drug has to dissolve in the solvents and also in the dissolution medium used. MELTING POINT DETERMINATION: The melting point of the Ketoprofen was found to be 96˚C by open capillary tube using microcontroller based melting point apparatus which is within the reported range of 94˚C…

Lipids: Lipids have a hydrophobic nature because of the predominantly of hydrocarbon chains in their structure. They are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, but readily soluble in non polar solvents such as ether and benzene. Characteristics of Lipids:  Amphiphatic  Naturally occurring  Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water  Undergo saponification  Undergo emulsification Classification and biological functions of Lipids: • Fatty Acids:  Energy sources  Biosynthetic…

Each test yielded its own unique set of observations, calculations and results. In order to determine these various values through calculation, the experimental data as well as the chemical reaction of calcium hydroxide was used for all calculations. The chemical equation is displayed below: The first experiment determined the molarity of OH- and Ca2+, the Ksp and the ΔG for saturated calcium hydroxide at 21°C. In order to determine these values, the experimental data as well as the chemical…

light the bunsen burner. Open the windows and let the baking soda cook for thirty three minutes. The decomposition of baking soda will not occur immediately. Let the crucible and its contents cool down. When hot, it is reacting, but after it cools down, the reaction is complete. Weigh the crucible and its contents, subtracting the former’s weight, leaving the mass of the latter (3.07 grams) This mass if the most crucial piece of data of the lab as it ultimately reveals what reaction took…

Experiment 1. Title: How does the amount of baking soda affect its reaction with vinegar? Aim: To find out how different amounts of baking soda (soda bicarbonate) affect the length of its chemical reaction with vinegar (acetic acid). Hypothesis: If the amount of baking soda is increased then the length of its reaction with vinegar will increase because there will be more soda bicarbonate for the acetic acid to react with. Equipment:  Baking Soda  Vinegar  5 glasses  Safety glasses …

Wang et al. (2015) formulated a solid dispersion to improve the solubility and bioavailability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GE) through hot melt technology. The polymer studied were Kollidon® VA64/Kolliphor® RH40 (85:15) and the extrusion was carried out at 120-125⁰C with 100 RPM with 25% drug load. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous conversion of the GE and the dissolution carried in 250ml of 0.1N HCl showed that the dissolution of solid dispersion of GE was significantly improved (2-3…

is telling a story that emphasizes the importance of romance in Greek mythology. The Abduction of Europa is to depicting a scene of a female that is riding a white bull through the water. The overall scene is chaotic but the girl on the bull seems to be more calm and in thought and the bull looks extremely content. There is a man behind the girl on the bull that is holding an orange piece of cloth that is located against the girl and bull. The girl is also making direct eye contact with him…

3.5. Effect of surfactant Span80/Span85 (3:1) on Ni (II) extraction Span80/Span85 are playing an important parameter and determine to appropriate surfactants can be obtained through the stability of emulsion liquid membrane for Ni(II) extraction. Span 80/Span85 as nonionic surfactants. Figure (9).The study of the efficiency of the highest extractants and reached to 98.7% after studying the surfactant concentration of span 80/span85 (3:1), the surfactant ratio an important in extraction of Ni…