Wastewater

(a) Langmuir isotherm model Langmuir isotherm is based on the following assumptions: (a) each surface site can be singly occupied, (b) there are no lateral interactions between adsorbed species, (c) the enthalpy of adsorption is independent of surface coverage and (d) energy of adsorption is constant. The Langmuir isotherm is 2.5…

MICROBEAD BACKGROUND Plastic microbeads are substances frequently found in a variety of products ranging from “cosmetics, sunscreen, body wash, toothpaste, skincare, and industrial and household cleaning products” (Rochman, et al., 2015). They are frequently used as exfoliating scrubbers in order to aid in the cleaning of various materials and surfaces. Oftentimes, these microbeads can replace naturally biodegradable alternatives such as salts, oatmeal or ground nut shells due to their ease of…

industrialization. A small factor that is driving this crisis, is water pollution. Water pollution makes water unable to use, and “...about 20 billion cubic meters of untreated wastewater is directly discharged into water bodies…” (Doc E). When that amount of water is discharged into bodies of water, the wastewater is infecting the bodies of water, making it unusable and undrinkable. Lately, “Nonpoint pollution, primarily related to…

the lingering presence of fracking fluid. Dr. Eaton and Xuewei Bao also suggest that most of the recent earthquakes in Oklahoma and other parts of the United States have been caused by the burial of wastewater from all kinds of oil and gas wells rather than by the fracking process itself. Wastewater is injected under pressure into disposal wells drilled into a sandstone or other permeable formation and flows into the rock. That can cause pressure changes in the formation that can upset the…

Emergency Support Functions (ESF) are groups that are made up of government and private sector elements that provide support, services and resources to people in need following a domestic devastation. ESF’s are crucial after devastating emergencies in saving lives, assisting victims and communities, as well as protecting property and helping restore services and crucial infrastructure (PHE, 2015). There are fifteen ESF’s, which are annexed into the traditional function format of an emergency…

Water purified by means of reverse osmosis, and other demineralizing procedures is not healthy for human consumption, and the distribution of this water is unethical because of these health issues. It turns out that the purification of water removes vital nutrients and minerals, not just the toxins in the water. Water purified by reverse osmosis is in fact water in its purest form, almost 100% H2O, but that does not make it healthy for the human body, which requires minerals which…

Introduction Water is known to many as the ‘elixir of life’ and is essential to the very existence of human life on Earth (Saunders, n.d.). It is thus imperative that water is made available to humans in an acceptable quantity and quality (Mohanty, 2006) at any given time. Visually, this may seem easy enough to achieve given water is present all around us in various forms and mediums (eg. rainwater). However, the crux of this problem lies in the fact that humans can only consume freshwater. Up…

the worlds coal supply, which has just been burned and gone straight back into our atmosphere. This right here is just one of the many examples of pollution that China has produced. "With lagging growth in wastewater treatment faculties, including sewage, about 20 billion m of untreated wastewater is directly discharged into water bodies." (Document E) When water is contaminated it is unsafe to drink, people are to blame for the pollution and contamination in the water. If one body of water is…

nonrenewable they actually are. As a result, I will end my life living in intense smog resulting from wasting away the gifts Mother Earth has given us. Governments should move to ban hydraulic fracking to extract oil and natural gas resources. The wastewater resulting from hydraulic fracking contains…

5.2 Background DECC (2015) delineates hydraulic fracking as an unconventional method of extracting natural gas reserves situated in shale rock. Fracking for shale gas occurs in fractured rock sediments when pressurized liquid (water and additives) and sand are ingested at high pressure through wells to crack shale rocks sediments (Evensen, Jacquet, Clarke & Stedman, 2014). The most commonly extracted shale gas is methane gas even though other secondary gases may also be present (American…