Voltaire

The Restoration Era was from 1660 to 1785, and there were many significant events that took place during the time period, such as: Charles II became King, the Great Fire destroyed most of London, the English Parliament enacted Penal Laws, the Boston Tea Party occurred, and the American Revolution began. Meanwhile, writers of the Restoration Era, such as Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, focused their writings on the trend of satire, verbal irony, and also parody. Jonathan Swift and Alexander…

An amazing historical Conversion Experience Artifact was discovered in an attic. It is an original book written in ink on paper. The original book was created by Aaron Lummus in the year 1850. It was made because records of some of the Principle Events needed to be recorded. People who would have read or studied this item at the time it was created were, Mr Brown, His master and His friends in Lynn, who thought that he was some kind of Bad person, or mentally challenged. It is worth studying…

Revolutionary activities in France and America inspired the neoclassical art style. As the French society transformed from a monarchy that was ruled by Louis XVI to a republican state that was brought about as a result of the French Revolution, the people began to question the values of society, social structure, religion and government. This change in society’s attitude is what is known as the Enlightenment. As problems that were being noticed in the monarch and controversy noted in…

Romanticism was a literary movement in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries that swept through virtually every country of Europe, United States, and Latin America. The Romantics were people who strongly believed in god and nature, especially how god is related to nature and how he has effected the way nature is viewed. The romantics were all about imagination, freedom and emotion, as these were very focal points that the romantics…

“Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face, but their own” (Swift). Jonathan Swift, a satirical writer during the eighteenth century, made an excellent metaphor revealing that satire is written in such a way that the author exposes only what they want the reader to know. This same metaphor will reign true even today in modern satirical writing within the structure, tone, and what the writings are used for; dependent upon the point of view, I personally…

Commisso 10 According to the LiteraryDevices Editors satire is, ?A technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule.?[endnoteRef:1] Satire?s ultimate purpose is to change public opinion about a certain topic. Ambrose Bierce is the perfect example of how satire is employed in literature because of his cynical demeanor and philosophical nature. Bierce?s work as a satirist demonstrates…

Enlightenment Authors and Their Works The Enlightenment Era was an intellectual movement which took place in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth century. This movement, also known as the age of reason, holds importance because world ideas such as order, balance, logic and reason dominated. The Enlightenment Era was empowered by the Scientific Revolution. This philosophical, cultural, intellectual and social movement spread throughout England, France, Germany, and Europe during the…

Napoleon Bonaparte was an important individual that affected French and European History from 1799 to 1815. He was mainly known for his great military exploits, rapid rise to fame, and his tragic end. He was ambitious and had lots of self-confidence which helped him win the support of the people around him. He was loved by all the French people because they believed he brought back France from the pit of despair. So he was known as the leader of France. However, many people believed that he was…

By the time James Gillray began his prolific career as a caricaturist, European interest in the ‘science’ of physiognomy was being reawakened and popularized by Enlightenment scholars, most significantly through the writings of Johann Caspar Lavater. Lavater attempted to decipher the universal language of facial expression and outer appearance to understand and categorize the hidden character traits of humans. A caricaturist by definition will purposely exaggerate and distorting the human form…

After years of hostility between the Catholic Church and France, Napoleon's leadership ushered in an era of peace between the two. When Pius VII became Pope in 1800, he signed a Concordat along with Napoleon that reinstated Catholic influence in French daily life. Napoleon completed a series of actions that appeased the papacy further, such as abolishing the calendar from the Revolution and paying Bishops’ salaries using state money. Though Napoleon believed that the Church should remain…