Voltage

special subset of mass transport where the mass being transported consists of charged ions. In this Chapter we will concentrate on transport of uncharged species, thus this Chapter is different from the last chapter. Uncharged species are unaffected by voltage gradients and so must instead depend on convective and diffusive forces for movement. Furthermore, we are concerned mostly with gas-phase transport and sometimes with Liquid-phase transport.…

The Milgram experiment was done by Stanley Milgram to see how people would respond when an authority figure told them to do something that went against their conscience. The subject was told to give shocks, which went up in voltage, to a learner who was in on the experiment, unknowingly to the subject. Psychologists estimated that 1% of the subjects would go to the end of the board; however, 65% of the subjects did. This proved that people are capable of doing anything, as long as it comes from…

organelles, mitochondria are separated from the cytoplasm by the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane.The outer membrane is porous and freely traversed by ions and small, uncharged molecules through pore-forming membrane proteins (porins), such as the voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC [19]. Any larger molecules, especially proteins, have to be imported by special translocases. Because of its porosity, there is no membrane potential across the outer membrane. By contrast, the inner membrane…

Electrolytes serve many important functions in the body. When you exercise, you lose electrolytes in your sweat. Electrolytes are used by cells to maintain voltages, and to carry electrical signals. These impulses can carry nerve signals, and allow muscles to move. Cells use electrolytes to maintain fluid balances, by moving the electrolytes in and out of the cell. Water and other substances follow the electrolytes through the membrane, and allow for the cell to function properly. When children…

Nikola Tesla "The spread of civilization may be likened to a fire; first a feeble spark, next a flickering flame, then a mighty blaze, ever-increasing in speed and power." Nikola Tesla is considered the father of the electric age. From the alternating current to neon signs, his inventions revolutionized the world. He had over 250 patents throughout the world. Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia on July 10th , 1856. He was born to Milutin Tesla and Đuka Mandic. His father was a Serbian…

This summary consists of the experience and results obtained by different scientists after manipulating the brains of people, to control and monitor the thalamus, and other parts of the brain. These experiments allow the scientists involved in the study to study the effect of deep brain stimulation and the effect that is has on sleep. For instance, deep brain stimulation abbreviates (DBS). The stimulation consists of performing different surgeries on patients that had experienced tremors with no…

induces an anorectic like effect by releasing norepinephrine within the hypothalamus (Medscape, n.d.). The mechanism of action for topiramate is that suppresses the appetite by inhibiting AMPA/Kainite excitatory glutamate receptors and regulates voltage-gated ion channels (Medscape, n.d.). Initial renal monitoring is needed (Medscape, n.d.). She is to take this medication without food in the morning and to discontinue this medication gradually since it may cause…

major aspect of their daily work. Upgrading in a residential setting typically involves changing the electrical infrastructure in the home so that it can accommodate the home owner's needs. This can involve installing new outlets, or wiring high voltage outlets so the home owner can relocate large appliances, or running wire behind the walls for the installation of home theater…

The key distinction between correlation and casual connection is the effect that one has on the other regarding the outcomes in scientific test results. In a study, the investigator is looking for the possible effect on the dependent variable that might be induced by changing the independent variable. Casual connection is an occurrence or action that can cause another and the results are predictable and certain. With that being said, casual connection can also determine how the two events are…

ionization, some of the gas molecules are turned into positive ions and electrons, the positive ions are attracted to the outside of the tube. The electrons are attracted to a metal wire running down the inside of the tube maintained at a high positive voltage. Many electrons travel down the wire making a burst of current in a circuit connected to it. The electrons make a meter needle deflect and you can hear a click every time radioactive…