Voltage

The high voltage battery supplies the direct current to power electronics. The power electronics convert the direct voltage into an alternating voltage and supply the electric motor/generator with three electrical phases via the three wires (U, V and W). ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE Some of the main advantages of electric vehicle…

turbine changes the amount of electricity or voltage produced, an experiment was carried out using a wind turbine, fan, retort stand, timer and voltage reader (appendix 8). A test for how much voltage was produced from a wind turbine with 4 blades, 8 blades, and 12 blades was carried out 5 times (appendix 2) (appendix 3) (appendix 4). This was repeated 5 times for each number of blades to ensure there were no inconsistencies in the timing or in the voltage readings. By averaging the results from…

The circuit has 2 resistors, one with 100 Ω of resistance and the other with 1KΩ, and a voltage source of 3 volts in series in a closed circuit. Tables 2 through 5 show the data for circuits 2-5. Circuit 2 includes a voltage source of 3 volts and two resistors with resistances of 100Ω and 1 KΩ. This time, the resistors are in parallel in a closed circuit. For circuit 3, there is a combination of resistors…

operated at voltage level between 10kv to 800kv. The distribution network operates voltage level below the 100kv. For protection against fault circuit breakers are used. Power flow is obtained by receiving end power or sending end power. Ex. Consider a transmission line connected between load centre and generating station. We assume line is loss less and ignore line charging, then the power flow (P) is, P=V1V2 sin⁡(θ1-θ2)/X Where, X= transmission line reactance V1= sending end voltage…

METHODOLOGY To optimize the losses of given system which will simultaneously upgrade the voltage at every bus, following methodology is opted which also includes the calculation of required shunt compensation. There are two cases: Case 1: Base case The problem formed is a non linear constrained optimization problem. Interior point method is used to solve this problem. The interior-point approach to constrained minimization is to solve a sequence of approximate minimization problems. It reaches…

regulation of two sorts; a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage. The regulators can be chosen from a wide range for operation for a wide range of load currents. A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator is to have an unregulated DC input voltage applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage from a second terminal and the third terminal is to be connected to ground. The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages in a range varying from 5 to 24…

FLC generates the required small change for voltage to control the magnitude of the injected voltage. The centroid defuzzyfication technique is used is this fuzzy controller. The below fig describes the FLC structure. In this case, a two–input, one–output FLC is considered. These two inputs will be evaluated using a fuzzy logic-based control algorithm and an output signal is produced. The input signals are voltage error and rate of change of voltage error and the resultant…

The voltage was 1.72v. When 4 lemons were used, the light bulb still did not turn on. The voltage was 2.89v. Then, with 6 lemons, the light bulb finally turned on. The voltage was 3.96v. The average voltage for trial one was 2.86v, and the range for trial one was 2.24v. In the first trial, the mode was not applicable. In the results of the second trial, two lemons were used and the light bulb did not turn on; the voltage was 1.79v. When 4 lemons were used, the light bulb turned on; the voltage…

The time period and duty cycle of the boost converter are denoted as D and T respectively. When the IGBT switch is in ON state, the output voltage is: Vpv. D.T; When the IGBT switch is in OFF state, the output voltage is: —(Vo- V p v). (1 — D). T; As it is assumed that LB is pure inductor, the voltage across the inductor is zero. Therefore, the total output voltage is zero. Hence, (4.12) The eq. (4.12) can also be written as: (4.13) Eq. (4.13) gives the relation between output…

power output hence will require additional instantaneous basis energy supply, frequency regulation and voltage support. In second-to-minute scale, unchecked fluctuation of frequency and voltage can harm the system and equipment, thus grid operator may order generator to inject active/reactive power to stabilize actual and forecasted power, which is important to maintain grid frequency and voltage. Partial unpredictability Different with variability, this uncertainty refers to the inability to…